Sociology, Race, And Social Classes - 1154 Words

Arielis Gonzalez SOCI 110 March 8, 2017 Sociology Sociology is the study of diverse subjects in a society which includes: religion, race culture, and social classes. It also involves the study of the behavior of people and all the changes that happen in society. In each social setting, there are shared beliefs which also change through time. Sociology informs us of the making of policies which tend to improve the lives of people in a setting. It provides distinct perspectives to generate new ideas and modify the old ones. The sociological research uses different techniques to provide evidence of any aspect of social life. Qualitative data such as ethnography and archival works as well as quantitative data like statistical modeling of†¦show more content†¦The practitioners are only after the compensation they get. Consequently, there are many cases of misdiagnosis and wrong treatment. There is also the issue of the reliability of the health care system. Even people with insurance have difficulty accessing quality health care in a timely manner. In my case, I need surgery with urgency and was forced to wait for two years until all the medical bureaucracy was settled. In addition, many health care plans do not cover chronic ailment or dental care and these forces us to take on additional insurance coverage which ultimately increases are cost of living monthly. Many minorities at times prefer to risk their health and not seek medical treatment because of the highly costs. One of the reasons why it has become a social phenomenon is because of greed. Society today is full of people who only think about their interest. It has gotten so bad that the health and life of another does not matter as long as there is the promise of money. Some of the activities by the practitioners as well as the insurance companies are criminal and inhumane. One social imagination solution to this is the enforcement of harsh punishment so it will discourage such behavior. For example, the revocation of the licenses of any health care facility caught in the act of such behavior. I think it will definitely change this habit and advocate to obey the law. At the same time,Show MoreRelatedW. E. B. DuBois988 Words   |  4 Pages W.E.B. Du Bois spent most of his career focusing on race relations and he defined the problem of the color line. For most of his life he believed in integration, but towards the end of his life he began to focus on Black Nationalism after he became discouraged with the lack of progress in race relations (Allan, 2013). Du Bois was an author, a poet, civil-rights activist, Pan-Africanist, a sociologist, and he was known for many other trades that he spent his time doing throughout his life. He graduatedRead MoreSociology : How Human Action And Consciousness Shape The Surrounding Of Cultural And Social Culture1734 Words   |  7 Pagessaid, â€Å"The task for sociology is to come to the help of the individual. We have to be in service of freedom. It is something we have lost sight of.† This quote means the main purpose of sociology is to help people with our freedom of service, because it is something we as people lost sight of. Sociology can be defined by Dictionary.com, as th e science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations, and institutionsRead MoreClassism and Its Effects in Society852 Words   |  4 PagesCardinal Stritch University Instructor Kevin Nettesheim Intro to written communication April 17, 2013 Abstract Throughout history classism has played an important role in how people are perceived and treated. 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Every new unit that we are taught is an eye opener for me because of how enlightened I have become from viewing myself and societyRead MoreSdffdgdfgfdg1230 Words   |  5 PagesSOC101-53: PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY LECTURE SUMMER 2013 OUTLINE – 8 WEEKS LOCATION: ONLINE LECTURE HOURS/CREDITS: 3/3 Nancy Reeves, Adjunct Instructor nreeves@gccnj.edu College Center: B-142 (856) 468-5000 ext. 6423 Office Hours: By Appointment Only It is the responsibility of the student to review the Online Syllabus at: http://www.gccnj.edu/academics/liberal_arts/syllabi.cfm. Additional information provided includes Core Competencies, Student Learning Outcomes, Topical OutlinesRead MoreEssay on Racial Sterotypes in the Movie Crash966 Words   |  4 Pagesshowed that everyone created has good intentions and good hearts but unfortunately they may grow up and learn the prejudices of the world. 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I hope this assignment will show the relevance of sociology to nursing practiceRead MoreTheoretical Frameworks Of Sociology And Sociological Perspective Essay918 Words   |  4 Pages What does Sociology have to do with me? Why do people think or act differently than you? Why are some people rich while others are poor? Why do some commit crimes, break laws and others do not? These are all some of the questions students need an answer to, which led them to enrol to this course. â€Å"Sociology is the scientific study of individuals in groups, organizations, cultures and societies; and of the interrelationships of individuals, group, organizations, cultures and societies.† (KennedyRead MoreWhat Does Sociology Mean?1585 Words   |  7 PagesTerm Paper What does sociology mean? According to Andersen, Taylor (2013, p. 4) â€Å"sociology is the study of human behavior in society†. 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Definitions Of The Self Essay Aggressive Criminal Behavior

Approaches to the self essay: Aggressive Criminal Behaviour This essay will compare and contrast two opposing approaches to self; the biological view of ‘the embodied self’ with the social constructionist theory. In doing this it will discuss how each approach relates to various aspects of the predisposition between nature and nurture as a binary. It also aims to outline and evaluate how each approach attributes etiologies to aggressive criminal behavior using examples from theorists such as DiLalla and Gottesman (1991) with criminal biology and Kurbin and Weitzer (2003) social disorganization theory. In an attempt to combine the two approaches, the diathesis-stress model with be applied to criminal behaviour. Schacter et al (2012) stated that all early theories of crime were biological. Indeed, until the early 20th century, biological theories and criminology were virtually synonymous. For example Lombroso (1896) was a pioneering figure in this field for attempting to make criminology an empirical science by identifying physical characteristics of criminals. Despite the fact that his theory has been discredited over the years, his research was highly influential. This highlights how criminology was origionally thought to result from nature aspects such as physiology and genetic makeup. But then biological theories were pushed aside by sociological explanations of criminal behavior around the time when social psychology took over following the events of the holocaust.Show MoreRelatedIp3 Crime Causation1535 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 3 Crime Causation CRJS105-1201A-03 By Erika.Esquer1 1/22/2012 American InterContinental University Online Abstract This essay will focus on sociological theories of crime and their description, the strengths and weaknesses of each; sociological control theory, strain theory, differential association theory and neutralization theory. This essay will also focus on Rajartnam who was convicted for inside trading in 2011. Introduction A different approach to criminological theory wasRead MoreThe Concept Of Self Concept1123 Words   |  5 PagesMany United States school districts have recently taken steps towards raising students’ values of self-concepts of themselves, or their self-esteem. Most of us correlate negative self-concepts, or low self-esteem, with learning difficulties and social reclusion. Recent psychological research has also discovered that inflated self-concept is correlated to violence, including bullying and even criminal acts. While reminiscent of the neo-Freudian Narcissistic Personality Indicator, Carl Rogers’ phenomenologicalRead MoreDomestic Violence Related Crime Throughout West Virginia1208 Words   |  5 Pagescan affect an individual of any age, gender, race, education level, social class, or culture. 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These theoriesRead MoreThe Media And Gun Violence894 Words   |  4 PagesMedia and Gun violence A current most spoken issue among the public media is gun violence or mass shooting however the crime is not as many as it was twenty years ago. The term mass shooting does not have an official set of definition yet, but the term indicates crime which is killing as many people as possible in a short time frame. The Federal Bureau of Investigation defines it as â€Å"actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area† (Sam Brock, Rachel Witte, and JoeRead MoreThe Myth of the Latin Woman Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesas well as what makes them unique. According to psychologists, identity is a consistent definition of one’s self as a unique individual, in terms of role, attitudes, beliefs and aspirations. Identity tries to define who people are, what they are, where they go or what they want to be or to do. Identity could depend on self-knowledge, self-esteem, or the ability of individuals to achieve their goals. Through self-analysis peopl e can define who they are and who the people around them are. The most interestingRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On People With Severe Mental Illnesses3284 Words   |  14 Pagescrimes. While is has been acknowledged that not all types mental illnesses cause violent behavior, it is however an instigator for some individuals (Vogel, 2014). Dr. John Gray in 1857 was the first to suggest that serious mental illnesses are associated with homicide or attempted homicide. According to Vogel (2014) a development in mental illness has a risk in the increase of antisocial behavior. In this essay, the types of mental illnesses associated with risks of committing violent crimes will beRead MoreAre Humans Naturally Violent?3857 Words   |  16 PagesDaniel Keighley Mrs. Brown Psychology Rubric 10th December 2013 Are Humans Naturally Violent? Violence is Physical My operational definition of violence is any kind of physical action where the intention is to hurt, damage or kill someone or something. There is the question of whether violence is a part of human nature or simply some people way of interacting with the world around us, were we always violent or is it a more pronounced feature of the modern era? I believe that violence is a key partRead MoreAre Humans Naturally Violent?3633 Words   |  15 Pages Are Humans Naturally Violent? Mrs Brown Psychology Rubric August 10th 2014 Word Count: Violence is Physical My operational definition of violence is any kind of physical action where the intention is to hurt, damage or kill someone or something. There is the question of whether violence is a part of human nature or simply some people way of interacting with the world around us, were we always violent or is it a more pronounced feature of the modern era? I believe that violence isRead MoreSociology and Deviance Essay2077 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Becoming a deviant involves a social process of definition†. The purpose of this essay is to show how this sociological perspective can assist in understanding drug taking in society. In the essay I will discuss the notion of deviance and will demonstrate that people do not become deviants on the strength of their behaviour alone, but by the sanctions of a society whose norms that the offender has deemed to have violated. I will examine approaches to deviance through biological, psychological

Managing Problem Solving free essay sample

Introduction a. An overview of problem solving approach today Problem solving by nature is an art and, unfortunately, not a science. As such, there are multiple approaches, tools, techniques used to addressing the problems at hand. One must survey delve into various possible methodologies that could be applicable to the problematic situation in turn apply the best one believes is applicable. Besides, past experiences from similar situations do provide a helping hand in choosing a right technique to resolving the issues. Of course, we are not talking about quantifiable or analytical problems here like software bugs which obviously can be solved by fixing the code. We are discussing here the strategic management problems faced in today’s organizational context, associated with ‘people’. Today’s corporate world is faced with complex problematic situations due to the complex nature of humans in a social context. Thus problem solving equally shares those complexities as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Problem Solving or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Various problem solving techniques have emerged over the years like brainstorming, root cause analysis, reductionism, world-view thinking, trail-and-error, abstraction, De Bono Hats, Pareto Principle, SWOT analysis, application of analogous methodology, etc. Let us compare contrast two of these widely used approaches – Reductionism and Holism! b. Reductionism Vs Holism Two of the most widely applied theories to strategic management problem solving techniques are Reductionism and Holism. Both these contrast each other. Reductionism is a more scientific approach to problem solving where the reference is to the classical Newtonian assumption that the dynamics of any complex system can be understood from studying the properties of its parts. At the deepest level Reductionism would offer physiological explanations by explaining behavior in terms of neuro-chemical genes. In its highest level of justification it focuses on socio-cultural aspects. As such while applying a reductionism theory in solving a problem at hand, the problem is broken down into smaller problems and when a substantial solution is reached at addressing the smaller problem, the solution is extrapolated to derive to a solution for the bigger problem. Holism on the contrary is a world-view thinking approach which, instead of delving into the properties of the various parts of a complex system, studies the relationship between the various parts of the complex system. While considering a world-view of the problem at hand, the world-view or the whole is not a sum of its associated parts but constitutes more than that. Thus merely studying individual parts does not integrate to the overall picture. This can be better understood in applying to complex social situations where studying an individual alone cannot be extrapolated to understanding ten individuals – the ten individuals put together as a social whole constitute much more than understanding a single individual. Thus in general we can entrust ourselves in saying that the Reductionism methodology or theory can be successfully applied to solve analytical problems whereas to address complex social problems, for instance in an organization comprising of individually different people, a Holistic approach is much better suited. c. Why is holism much suited for today’s organization To better understand our argument made above let us elaborate it with some concrete example. In the end of the 20th century the People-Process-Technology framework was widely used. However, people just like process technology were a small part of the framework were understood to be replaceable. The reductionism approach applied to solve organizational problems would imply to associate the individuals linked to the problem merely replacing them. This would be true in a lean manufacturing process industry of yesterday. For instance, the problem of low productivity rate inefficiency can be reduced to an incompetent worker. This worker could then be replaced by a newly employed more efficient worker. Thus problem of inefficiency slow production rate is addressed and resolved with a reductionist solution! However, in today’s complex social context, organizations cannot solve such problems by reductionism approaches. The industrial revolution bought with it labor unions as a means of labor protection. Replacing a less efficient worker by a newer more efficient probably even lesser paid worker is no longer a business choice. In the world-view of holism the rights of the worker needs to be considered, labor laws need to be obeyed, etc prior to taking such measures.

The Potency of Talisay as Ink free essay sample

INTRODUCTION Dyes have become part of daily living. Whats great about dyes is that they give variety to everything. Even the earliest humans used dyes to put color into their worlds, and they even used the most peculiar sources of the colors. Since then, dyes have dominated different kinds of industries. Before, dye manufacturers were only able to produce one color at a time. But now, dyes come in different colors and types as well. Dyes today are easier to use compared to earlier forms of dyes, because previous dye makers got their materials from animals, minerals, or any other common things that were never thought could produce colors. This study is stimulated by queries such as how colored substances got their color and how do these colors last on fabrics. This investigation aims to explore the possibility of coming up with an effective product from recycled materials through the use of talisay extract to produce dye. We will write a custom essay sample on The Potency of Talisay as Ink or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The talisay Fruit is smooth and ellipsoid, 3 to 6 centimeters long, and prominently bi-ridged or keeled down to the sides. Pericarp is fibrous and fleshy, the endocarp hard. Leaves are shiny, obviate, 10 to 25 centimeters long, tapering below to a narrow and heart-shaped base with a expanded rounded apex. When the fruit is chewed it produces a red-bitter substance can produce a dye. Statement of the Problem This research study aims to produce a dye from talisay. And seeks to answer the following sub questions: 1. What are the chemical contents of Talisay which makes it as an effective dye? 2. What processes should talisay undergo to be an effective dye? 3. What are the significant difference of talisay dye from the commercial dye in terms of: a. Color b. Texture c. Cost Hypotheses: Alternative: There is a significant difference between dye from talisay and the commercial dye. Null: There is no significant difference between dye from talisay and the commercial dye. Significance of the study This research study aims to produce fabric dye from talisay fruit without wasting much time and money. This is very useful because talisay is known to produce a red substance that can be a useful dye. This study helps to produce a dye that is cheaper and economic friendly dye. Conceptual Framework Scope and Limitation This study will be conducted at the researcher’s residence, Bari Mangaldan, Pangasinan. This study focuses on frequent users of fabric dye. It is to be presented to ages 10 and above. Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Talisay T. catappa is widely grown in tropical regions of the world as an ornamental tree, grown for the deep shade its large leaves provide. The fruit is edible, tasting slightly acidic. The wood is red and solid, and has high water resistance; it has been used in Polynesia for making canoes. In Tamil, almond is known nattuvadumai. The leaves contain several flavonoids (such as kaempferol or quercetin), several tannins (such as punicalin, punicalagin or tercatin), saponines andphytosterols. Due to this chemical richness, the leaves (and the bark) are used in different herbal medicines for various purposes. For instance in Taiwan, fallen leaves are used as an herb to treat liver diseases. In Suriname, a tisane made from the leaves is prescribed against dysentery anddiarrhea. The leaves may contain agents for prevention of cancers (although they have no demonstrated ant carcinogenic properties) and antioxidants, as well as anticlastogenic characteristics. Extracts of T. catappa have shown activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine (CQ)-resistant (FcB1) and CQ-sensitive (HB3) strains. Keeping the leaves in an aquarium may lower the pH and heavy metal content of the water. It has been used in this way by fish breeders for many years, and is active against some parasites and bacterial pathogens. ] It is also believed to help prevent fungus forming on the eggs of the fish http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Terminalia_catappa Uses Edibility / Nutrition Kernels are edible, with a sweet-acidic pericarp. Seeds are a good source of minerals; in descending order: potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium. Folkloric Red leaves are used to expel worms. Fruit is said to be purgative. Leaves mixed with oil are rubbed onto the breast to relieve mammary pain. Bark is used for gastric ailments, bilious diarrhea and dysentery. The sap of young leaves mixed with the kernel oil has been used for the treatment of leprosy. Bark decoction has been used for the treatment of gonorrhea and stomach cramps. Leaves are applied to rheumatic joints. Juice of young leaves used for scabies and other cutaneous diseases, headaches and colic. Leaves macerated in oil has been used for tonsillitis. In Sri Lankan folklore, juice of tender leaves used for pains, including headaches. In India, the bark is used as a diuretic and cardiotonic; leaves used for headache. In Nigeria, leaves macerated in palm oil used for tonsillitis; stems and bark used for sexual dysfunction. Seeds have been used for sexual dysfunction. Others Kernel contains a fixed oil, 51-63% called Indian Almond oil, oil of Badamier, or in the Philippines, as Talisay oil. Studies †¢ Antioxidant / Hepatoprotective: Study of leaf extracts of TC and an isolated antioxidant, corilagin, was found to provide hepatoprotection in experimentally induced liver injury through suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis. †¢ Anti-Inflammatory: Topical application of ethanol and chloroform extracts of leaves in induced acute and chronic ear edema in mice showed reduced inflammation. †¢ Antimicrobial: Study of the methanolic extracts of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Terminalia catappa showed inhibitory activity on B subtilis and S aureus. Phytochemical analysis yielded saponin, saponin glycosides, steroid, cardiac glycoside, tannins, volatile oils, phenols and balsam (gum). †¢ Antimetastatic: Study showed extract of TC leaves exerted an inhibitory effect on invasion and motility of highly metastatic lung carcinoma cells. It suggests TCE could be a potential antimetastatic agent. †¢ Antinociceptive: Study of the leaf extract of TC concludes that it is useful as an analgesic, supporting it folkloric use in Sri Lanka. †¢ Squalene / Antioxidant: Squalene was identified from the leaf extract of TC. The extract of leaves exhibited potent antioxidative and scavenging activities. †¢ Anti-Diabetic: Study of petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous extracts of T catappa all produced significant antidiabetic activity at dose levels 1/5 of their lethal doses. Histological studies of the pancreas earlier necrosed by alloxan showed regeneration by methanolic and aqueous extracts. †¢ Anti-Diabetic: Damage to pancreas in alloxan-treated diabetic control and regeneration of ? -cells by glibenclamide was observed. A comparable regeneration was noted with aqueous and cold extracts. †¢ Aphrodisiac: Reports of Terminalia catappa seeds showing aphrodisiac activities in male rates. †¢ Anti-inflammatory / Triterpenic Acids: Study of ethanolic extract of leaves yielded triterpenic acids responsible for the antiinflammatory activity of T catappa leaves. †¢ Antiparasitic / Antibacterial / Antifungal: Study looked into T catappa as an alternative to the use of chemicals and antibiotics in the aquaculture industry. Results showed eradication of Trichodina, fish ectoparasites, at 800 ppm. Ongoing research is being done to isolate the active ingredients in the Indian almond for fish pathogen treatment. †¢ Antibacterial / Ornamental Fish Culture: Study evaluated the concentration of tannin, an antimicrobial substance, in a water extract of leaves and it’s in vitro antibacterial activity against bacteria isolated from aquatic animals. Results indicated a potential for use as antibacterial alternative for ornamental fish culture. †¢ Oil / Biodiesel Potential: Study of castanhola in Brazil showed the oil obtained from the fruit kernels to yield around 49% (%mass). The fatty acid composition was similar to other conventional oils. Study of physiochemical properties of the TC biodiesel showed to be in acceptable range for use as in dieselengines. †¢ Livestock Feed: The mesocarp of T catappa contain major nutrients of carbohydrate, oil and metal ions (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn) provide for biochemical activities required for livestock feed formulation. †¢ Antidiabetic: Study reports the leaf extracts exhibited significant blood glucose lowering in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. †¢ Anthelmintic: Study of TC leaves showed anthelmintic activity through inhibition of motility and survivability of larvae of T. colubriforis, C curticei and H. contortus. †¢ Hepatoprotective / D-Galactosamine / Radical Scavenging: TC leaf extract showed hepatoprotective effect against D-Galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced liver injury. There was dose-dependent inhibition of mitrochondrial swelling with dose-dependent superoxide radicals scavenging activity. †¢ Antimicrobial: Study demonstrated antimicrobial activity, more pronounced against bacteria than fungal strains. †¢ Nutritional Properties of Seed and Oil: Seeds were found to be a good source of minerals. Oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic and linoleic acids. Dominant saturated acids were palmitic and stearic acids. Oil extracts exhibited good physiochemical properties and a potential usefulness as edible oils and industrial applications. †¢ Erythropoiesis Enhancement: Study evaluated the potential of Terminalia catappa to induce erythropoiesis in adult Balb C mice. A methanolic extract of T. catappa exhibited erythropoietic potential, inducing production of hemoglobin higher than untreated control. †¢ Toxicological Study / Leaves: Study evaluated three different doses of T. catappa crude aqueous extract in two stages of toxicity. Results showed no toxicological effects on Sprague-Dawley white rats in a 14-day experimental period. †¢ Antinociceptive / Leaves: Study of an aqueous extract of leaves showed analgesic activity which may be mediated through both central and peripheral mechanisms. †¢ Antifungal / Leaves: Study evaluated ethanol and methanol leaf extracts of T. catappa and T. arjuna for in-vitro antifungal activity against A. niger, A. alternata, C. lunata and T. tonsurans. Both showed antifungal activities, with T. arjuna showing better efficacy. Methanol extract showed best activity with Curvularia lunata. †¢ Antibacterial / Leaves: Study evaluated methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of T. catappa leaves and bark for antibacterial activity against clinical (sensitive and MDR) and ATCC strains of E. coli, K. pneumonia, and MRSA Staphylococcus aureus. Bark extracts showed better activity compared to the leaves extracts, and the methanolic extract the most active of all the extracts. †¢ Hepatoprotective / Leaves / CCl4-Induced Toxicity / Triterpenoids: Study evaluated a chloroform extract of leaves on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage and D-galactosamine induced injury. The chloroform extracts yielded ursolic acid and asiatic acid, which dose-dependently inhibited Ca2++-induced mitrochondrial swelling. The hepatoprotective activity attributed to protection of the liver mitrochondria and scavenging action of free radicals. †¢ Natural Anti-solar Agent / Fruit: Study evaluated the UV absorption ability of a methanol extract of fruit of Terminalia catappa as an application as anti-solar agent. Results showed maximum absorbance at 200nm, good absorbance at 240nm to 300 nm, and moderate absorbance at 300-360nm. †¢ Antitumor / Leaves: Study evaluated the effect of a methanolic extract of leaves of T. catappa against Ehrlich ascitic lymphoma (ELA) in Swiss albino mice. Results showed significant antitumor activity, with the extract bringing back the altered levels of hematological parameters and liver enzymes. http://www. stuartxchange. com/Talisay. html Dye A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and requires a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber. Both dyes and pigments appear to be colored because they absorb some wavelengths of light more than others. In contrast with a dye, a pigment generally is insoluble, and has no affinity for the substrate. Some dyes can be precipitated with an inert salt to produce a lake pigment, and based on the salt used they could be aluminum lake, calcium lake or barium lake pigments. Dyed flax fibers have been found in the Republic of Georgia dated back in a prehistoric cave to 36,000 BP. Archaeological evidence shows that, particularly in India and Phoenicia, dyeing has been widely carried out for over 5,000 years. The dyes were obtained from animal, vegetable or mineral origin, with none to very little processing. By far the greatest source of dyes has been from the plant kingdom, notably roots, berries, bark, leaves and wood, but only a few have ever been used on a commercial scale. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dye One of the big draws to Perfect World is character customization. What better way to continue that customization than to give your character their own sense of fashion. While there is a wide assortment of styles available in the boutique, you may not always get a color that appeal to you. Luckily, there are Dyes, or Pigments, available to change the color of your clothes. http://pwi-wiki. perfectworld. com/index. php/Dye_Information Natural dyes are dyes or colorants derived from plants, invertebrates, or minerals. The majority of natural dyes are vegetable dyes from plant sources –roots, berries, bark, leaves, and wood—and other organic sources such as fungi and lichens. Archaeologists have found evidence of textile dyeing dating back to the Neolithic period. In China, dyeing with plants, barks and insects has been traced back more than 5,000 years. The essential process of dyeing changed little over time. Typically, the dye material is put in a pot of water and then the textiles to be dyed are added to the pot, which is heated and stirred until the color is transferred. Textile fibre may be dyed before spinning(dyed in the wool), but most textiles are yarn-dyed or piece-dyed after weaving. Many natural dyes require the use of chemicals called mordants to bind the dye to the textile fibres; tannin from oak galls, salt, natural alum, vinegar, and ammonia from stale urine were used by early dyers. Many mordants, and some dyes themselves, produce strong odors, and large-scale dyeworks were often isolated in their own districts. Throughout history, people have died their textiles using common, locally available materials, but scarce dyestuffs that produced brilliant and permanent colors such as the natural invertebrate dyes, Tyrian purple and crimson kermes, became highly prized luxury items in the ancient and medieval world. Plant-based dyes such as woad (Isatis tinctoria), indigo, saffron, and madder were raised commercially and were important trade goods in the economies of Asia and Europe. Across Asia and Africa, patterned fabrics were produced using resist dyeing techniques to control the absorption of color in piece-dyed cloth. Dyes such as cochineal and logwood (Haematoxylum campechianum) were brought to Europe by the Spanish treasure fleets, and the dyestuffs of Europe were carried by colonists to America. The discovery of man-made synthetic dyes in the mid-19th century triggered a long decline in the large-scale market for natural dyes. Synthetic dyes, which could be produced in large quantities, quickly superseded natural dyes for the commercial textile production enabled by the industrial revolution, and unlike natural dyes, were suitable for the synthetic fibers that followed. Artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement preferred the pure shades and subtle variability of natural dyes, which mellow with age but preserve their true colors, unlike early synthetic dyes,and helped ensure that the old European techniques for dyeing and printing with natural dyestuffs were preserved for use by home and craft dyers. Natural dyeing techniques are also preserved by artisans in traditional cultures around the world. In the early 21st century, the market for natural dyes in the fashion industry is experiencing resurgence. Western consumers have become more concerned about the health and environmental impact of synthetic dyes in manufacturing and there is a growing demand for products that use natural dyes. The European Union, for example, has encouraged Indonesian batik cloth producers to switch to natural dyes to improve their export market in Europe. Chapter III METHODOLOGY Methodology contains the research design, the variables and materials, procedures in data gathering, the experimental flowchart of the study and statistical treatment used. Research Design This research study will be using completely randomized design (CRD). And this research design will test the potency of Talisay terminalia cattapa as an effective fabric dye. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and T-test will be utilized and statistical tools to test the significant difference of the talisay fabric sye and the commercial dye. Materials and Equipment Casserole Bowl Stove Mortar and Pestle Strainer Talisay Procedures First you must prepare all the materials needed. After preparing, extract the coloring. If you will use leaves, extract it by sleeping it into half cup of hot water. If roots of talisay will be used as coloring, grind it in the mortar and pestle then cover with half cup of hot water. And if you will use Annatto seeds, extract it by covering with half cup of hot water. After extracting separate the dye from the solid particles by pouring it to the strainer. Add 2 teaspoon of alum into the coloring in a bowl. Add 3 teaspoon of cassava starch. Heat the casserole in the stove and pour the solution if the casserole is already hot. Stir until it becomes sticky. If it is sticky enough remove the casserole in the stove and wait for it to cool. If it hot anymore, you can transfer it in the container. Variables Independent: Talisay fruit and Extraxt Dependent: Fabric Dye Control: Commercial Dye