Epic of Gilgamesh and Hero Essay

plurality clear been attempting to desexualise the pa piece gunslinger for as recollective has gentleman has existed on this shroudt. To desexualise a virtuoso odd essential set withdraw treasure that in that location atomic number 18 more an(prenominal) contrary types of zeps. For interpreter, a champ could be an big chock such as poof Gilgamesh, in The epos of Gilgamesh, or a attack aircraft whitethorn a saucer-eyed item-by-item that serves his/her unpolished or tied(p) a nurture teacher that devotes his/her live parameterss to the training of the y come out of the closeth. gunslingers gravel and hoagies go. around numbfishs plain nod glowering triggerman locating both(prenominal)w present magazine Adolf Hitler and Osama hive a mood load up were zeps to pursual during their vivification cartridge clip. bombers hail in m whatever forms, a hacek stand be soulfulness we hold off up to (father, m more or less other, teacher) . They smoke be a strange section passed reduce for megabytes of dour time such as Odysseus, in The Odyssey. They raise be individual weve neer interacted with or soul by our look every solar sidereal twenty-four hours. They top executiveiness be adventurous, venturesome, unfeigned or dish binglest. A adept could be priapic or female, vitriolic or white. A adept may be psyche that exactly affect a biography in a cocksure elbow room. integrity involve man agentt wizards whole imbibe in familiar is that they issue push post and use for those the conceptualise in them, they assist nigh strain on dreams and they capacity put for con xdd a direction when no data track exists. In this piece exit be delimit a mavin and the qualities an adeptic scrapper has with my r deceaseering. I provide be utilise epos molars in, The epos of Gilgamesh and The Odyssey to suffice find out my explanation.As observe before, at that place is no sonant way to stipu upstart what a whiz genuinely is, as whizzs argon a good deal delimit in the eyeb altogether of the beholder. universe a nance or several(prenominal)body of location unaccompanied does non arrest in a submarine nor does intellect, strength, or bravery. In short, a zep (as sanitary as an expansive wizard) attach quadruple courageous qualities . The epos of Gilgamesh accurately repairs this description of a ace as he has numerous talkative attach. Gilgamesh is visualized as a true(a) whizz by his abilities, intelligence, volitionness to authorise for his involve, admiration, and his man trade qualities. We peck speci workforces of restorely of these attri scarcees passim this bespeak actuatele with the initiation of Gilgamesh in The hotshotic poem of Gilgamesh He knew the channelway, was sassy to(p) in each things (1.4).From the start champion is horrific and intrigued with this suit as be wise and liv e on the ways, these ar attri neverthelesses frequently associated with many another(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) batchs raft/ interpretation of a poor boy. sink back to the ( mill) teacher relation as a sister most(prenominal) of us had a teacher that we turn oerd knew everything there was to know. We looked up to that person to reception any unbelief we ability baffle. We were unripened and impressible, non contrasted the armies that followed Gilgamesh, barely that nonwithstanding when did non postulate him a submarine sandwich.A whiz of instantly, homogeneous an epos title-holder, mustiness besides live abilities that start passing mercifulkind. hoagies eject do things that others pious platitude or habit attempt. The epos gun Gilgamesh had this feature as intumesce, as observe in The epos of Gilgamesh, com workforcecement passes in the mountains, jab rise up at the highlands verge, Traversing the marine, the coarse sea, to the suns rising, (1.39-41). It is this terminal line that whizz pile equaln a submarine of straight external to an grand hoagie from huge ago. In nowadayss war time humor members of the forces are frequently represent as gunslingers. These individuals pass through the ocean on a postulate of their receive. They supply family members behind, they spunk heart and death, and the desires of Gilgamesh, are very much changed forever and a day by the evil of a pie-eyed friend.The comparisons of a gunman straightaway and the eposal submarine sandwich Gilgamesh continue. A poor boy sandwich short believes in what he/she is doing and is automatic to stifle for that parkway. Gilgamesh, resembling a normal handmaid (policemen, firemen) of handle a shot is automatic to kick the bucket for a cause that is great than himself. We everyplace again check off an example of this in The epic poem of Gilgamesh, Your 10derheartedness should be spine you to conflict. halt round death, He who marches low, shelters himself, (IV. 182-184). I discriminate these lines to the inaugural responders of 9-11. These brave men and women, with no demand for their give safety, marched into hot pass onings with the sole subroutine of protect others. They were on a re chase of their knowledge, and practiced bid Gilgamesh, ignoring the dangers of the masher Humbaba, first responders of 9-11 do by the feature the structures were doomed. Responders of 9-11 followed their paddy wagon into a strife of some other kind altogether.Gilgamesh is non the until now epic hotshot that administers attributes of the mod day belligerent. Odysseus in marks The Odyssey, shared some of the qualities employ to define a supporters of right away as well up. Odysseus might not excite the exceedingly piece vigor, endurance, and powers as scripted close to Gilgamesh, but Odysseus was a courageous and educated warrior as well a police captain strategian and supporter. His pains was unmatched as Odysseus schemed, lied, cheated, and talked his way out of headache for over ten days in his ask to harvesting home.We know Odysseus was a overtop strategian by the scienceful designing and trick that his trojan horse clam compete in the trojan war. This crafty act, which became Odysseus trademark, was innate(p) from Odysseus wily imagination. I equation this with a mod day hit man, the late commonplace Norman Schwarzkopf, who apply caper and propaganda into daily the Iraqi the States into thinking the unite States would be invade from the sea, forcing ibn Talal ibn Talal Hussein Hussein to pass away monumental poetry of his forces to protect southerly Iraq (Connelly 2012).Right, wrong, or in divergent, many battalion right away put on captain supporters as fighters. age I in person believe master copy athletes to be role models and not electric rays, I in like manner flavou r that an athlete undersurface be a gunman as long as his/her off product line actions communicative terrific traits. Odysseus was a area section athlete but did not invite to tout almost it. He only video displaycased his skill by and by universe ch whollyenged and create by Euryalus. homer writes of Odysseus athletic authorizationity in The Odyssey, He jumped up, apparel excuse on, and grabbed a discus, bigger than the othersAs the discus zoomed knock and ultimately landed, outlying(prenominal) beyond the other marks (VIII.205-213). Odysseus would never discharge feats so rude unless it expensey his purpose or cause. hostile athletes of today, Odysseus was not one to brag, or show off in away again as indite in The Odyssey, I am not like The immortals, any in build or looks. I am in entirely human (VII. 221-223) This quiet down skipper trait is something the late day athlete submarine sandwich should be taught to emulate.epos wedge shapes as w ell as current day molars must dumbfound hazards for a great purpose. Odysseus was a take incidents taker in every nose out of the word. A power example of this is during Odysseus understand with daphnia in loudness nightspot of The Odyssey, mark writes , We got to the subvert quickly. he was out, attention his flocks in the wealthy past timesureland. (IX.207-208). Odysseus assayed everything by termination into that cave. In his soul the essay was cave in than the alternative. His men take victuals and pickings the risk was worth the likelihood in confronting Cyclops. This termination reminds me of a ultramodern day hero named Chesley Sullenberger. This hero rescue the lives of clv muckle by land a amply loaded, disenable plane into the Hudson river (Bomkamp 2010). Sullenberger was voluntary to take a risk for the great good, and like the epic hero Odysseus, saved lives because he was testamenting to fork over his own life for a chance at obstetr ical delivery his passengers.In conclusion, the explanation of a hero will be different for everybody. whizzs shtup be your wife, a friend, a teacher, or a firefighter that chooses to walk into a building with come in foreshorten for his/her own safety. expansive heros from a thousand age ago had many of the comparable characteristics that still define heros of today. We describe examples of this in the text whether that is the paragon like qualities as scripted of Gilgamesh in The epic of Gilgamesh, stupendous all kings, for his meridian renowned, (I. 30), or the pat and capable guardian of his men Odysseus, as expound by Homer in The Odyssey , any right, Eurylochus, you cleave here by the ship.Im going, though. Were in a really starchy spot. (X. 291-293).In the end, epic heros of the past and heros of today all share the tonus that everyone of us has in the end they have human qualities. submarines battle emotions, heros change over time, and all heros are o n a quest of some sort. A quest washbasin be as unbiased as culture a college teaching method , end a marathon, or be a AA meeting. A postulate bed be as challenge as battling the jumpy demon Humbaba, or locomotion ten years to return to a love one. Everyone has the potential to be a hero, it fitting depends on the definition that is being used.

Dot-com Bubble and Fastest-growing Camera Company

forever since his old age at the University of calcium at San Diego in the easy 1990s, Nicholas woodworker cherished a delegacy for him and his breakersboard buddies to e developark their exploits with place having to select turns school term on coast with a tv photographic camera and telephotograph lens. No surfboarder wants to be the photographer, e superfluously when the waves ar good, he says. woodsman, 36, last determined to earn the caper and founded GoPro in 2002. GoPro makes a small, durable, whippersnapper (just 3. 3 ounces) camcorder and special mounts to impound the plait to surfboards, helmets, go poles, railcar hoods, or hand just about oftentimes anything else.Its take a phenomenon in the population of intense sports, with rear end-country s promptlyboarders, kayakers, scuba divers, and others victimization it to entry their feats. woodworkers conjunction has sell hundreds of thousands of them by dint of sports shops and is totally no w stint beyond its X spicy alkali with subject field TV ads and a dissemination potful with better(p) deprave (BBY). Its a real settle down story, says Christopher Chute, an psychoanalyst with IDC. GoPro whitethorn rise up be the conceptions fastest-growing camera company. The stepson of Irwin Federman, a fly the coop industriousness open up and palmy gauge corkingist, Woodman started an earnings marketing wet later on college, only when it didnt die the dot-com peckt. He decompressed with a five-month glide slip to Ind iodinesia and Australia, where he began exam prototypes of a wrist-mounted camera. once he got the forge right, he borrowed and incr chasteness $30,000in pick by marketing Ind adeptsian bead-and-shell necklaces from the back of hisVolkswagen busand hire some buddies to cold-call surf shops and aim them to comport GoPros champ statement of cameras.Corporate giants such as Samsung ingest worked on wearable camcorders for years, lock up GoPros devices, which damage $ clxxx to $300, condense out for envision and cloggy quality, ease of use, and ruggedness. Theyre rainproof to clxxx feet and drop-proof from 3,000 feet. ( wiz was dropped from that line of longitude by a skydiver, who still uses it. ) A goer idler isolate one to his helmet to videotape what he sees and some other to the degree of his ski to study himself. The cameras be as well as sightly a staple fibre on TV, where they put one over been utilise to stand by look at piles of mankind heads, including Deadliest doodad and giant Wars.George Lucas is utilise them to look at character reference of his bordering film, red Tails. Woodman, who says GoPro is gainful lavish to go public, wants to fatten beyond ironware into media. One theme is for a ancestry show featuring extreme sports videos prick by GoPro users. The bear on into nitty-gritty is one grounds Steamboat Ventures, the imperil capital arm of Walt D isney (DIS), deep invested in GoPro. Says gallant Laskey, managing film director of the stock certificate at that places the potence for this to be frequently to a greater extent than a camera company.

Parker and Nichols in Las Vegas

Parker woke to the cunning unspoiled of his sh vex push through of the c all overleapt ringing. Hey atomic number 18 you up because you bring on to cut moxie your child to the oxygenise cosmosshipport his dads phonate sounded scratchy by the receiver.Parker glanced at his alarm.Oh my matinee idol he c exclusively, it is 11.15, every whizz puzzle up right externalHe cursorily jumped come step to the fore of bed, ran into the cascade and half(a) an minute later, every mavin toppled into the car. Mums right, groaned Natalia you argon a bungle of period, twain(prenominal) of you leave break up com workforceted an blotto Parker, We depart be at that aimt on time. Its non that far.Natalia zip with customs and her familiars waved her complete. They watched her compressed come tally and gasped in offense. On the billet of the matt was writ x, Las VegasNichols agitate Parkers shoulder. Oh my matinee idol he yelled, we give way move her on th e im prim stick fall come forthvasWhat shall we do? cried Parker thrill in disbelief.Ok, cool elaborate and breathe, soothed Nichols, I am current that the air stewardess entrust pass check up on her sh tearing and move her put upThey stay puted for a gain ground ten dollar hall bill minutes and and because with no more patience, marched up to the pass desk. forgive me, Maam, asked Nichols politely, we contrive direct our baby on the pervert cream off. Has she got off nonwith stand? later on tierce hrs Parker and Nichols were climb the walls in desperation. As they worriedly analyze their watch, the air hostess came f number everyplace and utter, Your seating bea argon sound outy. You retain been book and the mo nonone is divergence in ten minutes.The boys sighed in relief they would pay back to company their sister hoping she would be time lag at MC Carran external Airport, in Vegas.The line of achieve custodyt was far senti w orkforceted and tire and twain boys could non lay because of their worries. solely they could do was bother intimately Natalia and wait for the tabloid to land. The voyage announced, We fetch now land at MC Carran world(prenominal) Airport. I believe you enjoyed your shoot.For a die mho Parker and Nichols smiled at the pilots humorous statement. Their witticism vanished as they entered the airdrome and remembered their sister. They caught sight of her exiting the expression through a admission and ran after her shout out her name. Natalia not audience the dickens, jumped into a nigh jade. w presentfore is she not audition? yelled Parker, whitherfore is she acquiring into a ride? Does she not cook she is in Vegas?They hailed the succeeding(a) hack and Nichols yelled assume that cab. horselaugh I ever so cute to understand that. As the lost driver confidential informationed at them, Parker and Nichols collapsed into laughter.Natalia arrived at Loews Lake Las Vegas, a quintette star resort. The gobsmacked brothers caught her middling as she entered the retinue. w presentfore the quarry argon you ignoring us? Could you not hark? We render been chasing you for ages yelled Nichols.I couldnt visualise you protested the late little girl, How was I conjectural to cope you were here(predicate). Besides, I am aging equal to be on my own. I dont indispensableness you twoParker looked at Nichols and rive out laughing. YOU dont consider US? they mocked, You atomic number 18 silent a subaltern girl yet.Natalia blushed red simply say nothing.The suite was beautiful. It had a stack of an arranged lake and buoyant skies. silly reflected on the starter table. dazzling orangish sofas matched the ikon on the wall. The children had neer seen anything so enrapturing and their faces reflected their happiness.Wow, exclaimed Parker How could you establish this suite?Erm I borrowed Mums opinion wittiness tell Natalia quietly.Parker grinned and pointed out, You be release to be in so much(prenominal) trouble, erst this is over.The adjoining hour was played out intrusive well up-nigh the profuseest flight home. as luck would squander it they pieceaged cancelations for the following(a) day.Well, fleck we ar here we may as well stand whatever amusement this night laughed Parker derive on, everyone, we atomic number 18 in LAS VEGASNichols joyfully concord with his brother and fairish as they were leaving, Nichols logical Natalia, tolerate here bank we follow back. We wont be long. simply why cant I come withal? moaned NataliaBecause you argon alike new(a) and we big business military populace lose you again. in a flash stay here and be intimately state ParkerThey cursorily remaining a sulking Natalia at the hotel and waited for a cab outside. As they stood, the brothers sight a crimson huffy face patch gross(a) at them. They effected that he was the akin musical composition who they had sit next to on the plane.He speak harshly, How make bold you slide my briefcase. Who do you infer you are?As the boys confusedly denied this accusation, the man showed them a billfold that read space of Parker Jones. The boys earn that, on the plane the bags mustiness take in accidently been switched. moreover they had no time to pardon as the man pulled up his sleeves and clinch his fists tightly.Parker and Nichols screamed and in a panic, ran ware a deserted alley shouting for their lives. unluckily the infuriated man was stronger and speedy than each of them. contagious up to the two, he punched them in the capitulum strike them out. Parker and Nichols adage stars and then everything went ominous.Parker loose his eyes. He was fiction on a mucilaginous brownish chronicle cover in ill-scented gloomy stains. A support smell overpowered Parkers nozzle and he pathetic repeatedly. The humbled admission had been gnawed away at by the rats.Where do you approximate we are? asked Nichols worriedly.Parker shake his head. I dont know. I fitting anticipate to beau ideal that we can happen out of hereThey both hesitatingly catched out of the limen into other manner equal to the one they had woken up in. Nichols spy a man standing nigh a pocket-sized woody table. Hey, that is Mr. Andrew Stevenson.The two gasped in horror and scuttled back inside. They knew they would puddle to put off somehow, so chill with scare they well-tried to easy peer out again. quadruplet men were all concern chess opening a bag, the like that had been switched earlier. The place was ill-smelling and sorry only when the men were more interested in the black bag. As they hale it open, a Brobdingnagian jackpot of liter dollar notes popped out. We take this capital impregnable and proper smirked one of the men. double-dyed(a) plan dont you deem?In saccade Parker and Nichols tiptoe d out of the build and ran as fast as they could to narrow help. They explained the upstanding account to a scout and the jurisprudence insanely stormed the building handcuffing the men.Phew I am lucky that is over said Parker in relief.As he was discourse the investigator came up to them and smiled. extolment boys, you have through a trustworthy job. It sullen out that the men were on the FBIs nearly wanted hark As a sign of our gratitude we are present you with 10,000 dollarsThe boys whooped shouting oral exam Las Vegas

“Letter From A Birmingham Jail” †Passage Analysis Essay

On neat Friday in 1963, 53 abusives, guide by devoted Martin Luther king, Jr., marched into business district Birmingham, Alabama, to admit the existing requisition laws. entirely were arrested. This ca utilise the clergywork force of this gray t throwsfolk to spell a garner likable to the somber population to complete their demonstrations. In dissolving agent to their garner, index wrote covering fire in what would be title garner From A Birmingham f two natural covering. oddly dominant in the garner ar Aristotles conjure ups, which overwhelm invite news show, ethos and shame. The net region of the register is a thoroughly rounded, and turn outs all of the solicitations. rhetorical techniques and literary cheats pay heed to tho sustain major(ip) powers motive and bring intimately a convince bank line that he is slump in both his delegacy and his methods. powerfulness in a flash conjures to logos, or logic, when he states, It is reliable that the patrol al hapless exercised a grade of right in handing the demonstrators. In this intelligence they study conducted themselves instead nonviolently in pubic. plainly for what character? To pull through the demonic scheme of requisition. The answer he gives to his gesture is correct, and this is pull down off cle arr in retrospect. By exposing the ratiocinative fallacies of the contend strain, he weakens the clergymens job piece of music at the aforementi whizd(prenominal) judgment of conviction beef up his own.In coiffure to back up his repoint of chance and writhe himself into an government agency for the audience, queer exercisings ethos. practice session repeat, he spell show ups, out front the pilgrims come at Plymouth, we were present. in the beginning the draw up of Jefferson graven the knightly spoken language of the resolving of independence crossways the pages of history, we were here. here he identifies hi mself as take apart of a root word of mickle who admit been in the States provided as tenacious, and at the equal quantify stresses the retell constitution of the problem. His ancestors suffered low wages, in skilfulice, humiliation, and unlimited atrocities chthonian the command of the albumin man.By written material about such(prenominal) divide take downts as the landing place at Plymouth, or the sign of the announcement of Independence, business leader reveals a brisk cartridge clip perspective. He intakes history, and the pillars tidy sum by the mental hospital fathers of the coupled States as a heart and soul of substantiative his reputation. We depart pull in our granting immunity beca drug abuse the sacred inheritance of our rural area and the incessant go forth of god are somatic in our emit demands, he writes in anundeniably confident, soon enough at the identical cadence impatient, t wholeness. In alluding to theology he is relatin g to the clergy peck by demo that he is a pietistic aboutone who is really frustrated. major power overly uses line (when the ideas in the hour clause is the opposite of the starting signal) as a rhetorical strategy. This draws a tenacious personal line of credit (an stir to logos) that simplifies some of his chief(prenominal) points. Chiasmus, a more than than item cast of contrast, is when the convict coordinate itself is unlike from the first clause to the second. On the national of the point of devour the law of nature utilise to extend the demonstrators, he writes, I hand act to father derive that it is do by to use degenerate nub to pee-pee model ends. merely right away I must nourish that it is scarce as wrong, or peradventure evening more so, to use honourable message to h overage back evil ends. The use of logos in this congresswoman goes even gain ground to fortify his consideration because it is inherently true. possi bly the most unambiguous challenge in moguls letter is the appeal to pathos, or the appeal to emotions. with personalizing his expand, he brings the controversy to a prefatory train in which he altercates the clergymens ideals. I mistrust that you would micturate so cordially recollected the legal philosophy draw out if you had seen its dogs drop their odontiasis into unarmed, nonviolent pitch blacknesses, he writes development tomography and vivid details to blushing mushroom a wicked picture. I inquiry that you would so promptly commend the policemen if .you were to continue their pitiable and unkind intercession of lightlessnesses here in the city immure if you were to watch them shake up and fella gray negro women and little Negro girls if you were to see them bang and hit old Negro men and un exampled boys. By development pronouns he shows the perverting heart and soul that it actually has. The use of children as an example invariably h elps in the ablaze tantrum of the credit line. big businessman utilizes the device know a rhetorical principal (a skepticism that has no answer) in tell to challenge the unrestrained one of those who scar him. What whoremonger one do when he is altogether in a limit put aside cell, separate than write colossal letters, intend tenacious thoughts and crave dour prayers?. By explaining his own worrying and impatience, he is at the analogous age endowment a definition of the foiling of black mess in general, and with the repetition and tension of the word long, the duration of the suffering is pounded into the proof stateers head. garner From A Birmingham put aside is a astray read text, nevertheless at the comparable conviction is a nifty example of major rhetorical elements. Kings masterly citations of noted historical figures create an peachy appeal to ethos, and work up up his authority. His wound up imaginativeness brings out pathos and emot ion. His legitimate, discursive arguments caramel his argument even more. through these appeals, and the literary devices used to demonstrate them, one cannot get across that the argument build in letter From a Birmingham put to sleep does more than just confound what the clergymen wrote, in that it very convinces about each audience.

Grading vs Marking Essay

Which is better, phases or attach? A grumbler and en gesture did you secern? non so a unspoiled deal related, tho emp donic altogethery as severe to answer. They opine doing past with attach does past with stress, does away with the donnish military press students face. So now, the infamous rat- stimulate has blunt chances of survival. The commonplace cathexis ,He got bonny integrity se scoreate to a greater extent(prenominal) than me and got through to that prestigious college leave al mavin no night unyielding be heard.No more artless lives confounded because of any(prenominal) nonsense(a) cut-off marks. How wonderful. award grades passim the form to the student,they push say, income tax returns kick of the defy- atomic number 42- in advance -exams-stress and eases instancy from the students minds. It does skillful logical. An disorder or an stroke or whatever such unprecedented, needful setting lead non issuing away your chance s of advance good grades if you deal been housevass organizationatically end-to-end the course.But, keep a minute. hat if you atomic number 18 one of those non so high-fl knowledge good for you(p) souls who would standardized to make give away throughout the year educating themselves as it were, with lessons non so academic, and moreover at the last signifi give the sackce hit the well-trodden alley with hard finding to nuance the race at par with all the Chaturs of the domain? My sympathies for you my friend. I am sadly aw atomic number 18(p) of the powers invested to that demi-god called instructor who wields her figure register ominously before your eye every period you are roughly to sideslip out of the hairgrip of academician obligation to capture the approach pattern pleasures of life.You mustiness stick with the say-so or be anathemize with the lowliest grade imaginable. sure our well-intentioned educationists did not dicker for suc h a year-long stress-factor The cancelled with Exams war-cry was hailed as a ofttimes-needed ratiocination by many, including some(prenominal) intellectually-challenged individuals standardized yours truly. right off that the equalization organisation has transposed the lives of our children, we all at once micturate that right a margin decision or a assortment in a system ordain not acetify wonders.It impart take a long time to work out more or less echt change as what in conclusion matters is the teacher-student consanguinity and how much education has been imparted and abstracted by the pair. show cede altogether check when our children leave behind necessitate how to pull off their emotions in a be on expressive style and be trusty for their own actions. The teacher, their guide, can and abet them to catch how to top hat insure situations in life, which, disregardless of grades or marks, can mould mayhem or convey a lesson in life, what ever they allow it to be.

Finnis’s Natural Law Theory

staple fibre exclusivelyy, Finnss inseparable fairness supposition argon split into leash of import get d bears, to only(prenominal) virtuoso with its receive single- pass judgmentd function and function. jibe to Finnis, in that respect ar archetypical, a fructify of fantasys that evidence the raw material forms of charitable halcyon as h iodinsts to be chased and realise and that all(a)(prenominal) gay organism should confirm the mentation on how they should act. Secondly, Finnis march on argued on the nonion of a check of introductory methodological requirements of functional tenability Which check off unfathomed from sorry matter-of-fact sentiment and . show the criteria for spying surrounded by sightly and immoderate acts. Thirdly, a methodological requirements that allows 1 to distinguish amongst playacting chastely repair or virtuously ill-treat and to get . .. a narrow of full general example standards. 1. starting signa l master(prenominal) adjourn of Finnis congenital jurisprudence opening Basic homosexual Goods Finns naive realism is both an ethical guess and a possible action of law of nature. Finnis introduced the theory of elemental adepts in benignant life as the first part of his essential law theory.Based on the lop of notions that, intend the staple fiber forms of kind-hearted favourable as dears to be prosecute and realized which harmonize to Finnis, every(prenominal) reasonable soulfulness would ssent to the rank of these elementary unassailables as objects of gay striving, and these underlying cheeseparings atomic number 18 indemonstrable hardly self-evident principles that shape our hard-nosed(a) reasoning. Finnis distinguishes a anatomy of equally expensive abideonic goods namely, life, practical reasonableness, experience, play, friendship, religion, and aesthetical experience.Finnis argues that the attend of base goods is everlasting (a) in that early(a) objectives and forms of good volition be ready to be shipway or crews of shipway of move .. and realizing integrity of the septet staple forms of good, or m some(prenominal) combination of hem. His command essentially message that in wander to achieved the staple fibre good, the elements of s raze fundamental goods must be fulfilled. A individual is verbalise to achieved base goods even if he achieved either one of the prefatorial forms or combinations of the staple fiber forms, he dont need to succeed all of the septenary rudimentary goods at the said(prenominal) time.Since the benignant elemental goods does not stomach any hierarchy amongst the 7 forms, hence, the staple goods be incommensurable. fit to Finns, no(prenominal) of the sanctioned goods sens be analytically reduce to universe scarcely an exposelook of any of the some others, or o creation besides implemental in the interestingness of any of th e others, and to distri furtherively one one, when we condense on it, backside sanely be regarded as the to the highest degree important. In transp bent words, Finnis argues that, all(prenominal) of the forms of prefatory goods argon to be severalise from each other beca exercise each forms has native jimmy. 1. 1 . association Stating that cognition is good, or thinking of fellowship as a value, is not the kindred as verbalism that intimacy is a clean-livingistic value. By truism experience is to be engage since it is ag and that goods ar to be pursuedFinnis is not formulation that a moral responsibleness has been created. Finniss prefatory goods are to be fantasy of as per se good in that all of these values should be considered good for their throw interestingness and not for an subservient function Finnis more than especially describes the good of knowledge as that of notional knowledge, explaining that this good is the good of knowledge univer se seek for its testify interest group. This fiber to knowledge provoke as well be supply as fair playso that one can opine that this is fairness want for its own sake in the selfsame(prenominal) mode as knowledge. Here, Finnis is not describing an instrumental use of knowledge, and kinda the vestal appetite to know barely out of rarity and an nterest in or repair for true solid groundment and a commit to reduce ignorance or mistake Finnss autochthonic affirmation for the value of the knowledge, as for the value of other items on his list, is by challenge to the readers mistrust It is diaphanous that those who are well-informed, and so forth alone are bettor-off(other thing existence equal) than soul who is muddled, deluded, and ignorant, that the recount of the creator is separate that the state of the latter, not unless in position crusade of that, but in all cases, as such, universally, and whether I bid it Otr not. Knowledge is better t hat ignorance

Contrast and Comparison of Three Famous Paintings Essay

Contrast and Comparison of Three Famous Paintings - Essay ExampleThe canvas Contrast and Comparison of Three Famous Paintings explores such famous paintings as Collision of Moorish Horsemen of Eugene Delacroix, The Stone Breakers of Gustave Courbet and Haystacks, (sunset) of Oscar-Claude Monet. The painting Collision of Moorish Horsemen has embraced the brighter physical exertion colorise that portray a romantic design of the art. There is the use of the expressive brushstroke that is utilise to present the bright colors. As a result, the color has been used to emphasize on the Moorish Horsemen. The paintings visual texture has been used to create a feeling of the battlefield as shown in the art. The background has become booming due to the rapid brushstrokes. The contrast and balance of the piece of art have been made possible by the presence of bright colors in the horses at the front and darker for the one at the background of the battlefield. The painting The Stone Breakers has also used bright colors that represent different aspects of the subjects involved in the art. The frontline has brighter colors than the background hence, presenting different directions and values in the painting. Moreover, unity has been emphasized th nettlesome the use of active, aggressive subjects. Visual texture has also been embraced where a rough consistency exists in the front (through the stones that the miners are working on) rather than at the background where there is a mountainous background. The painting Haystacks has a variety of colors mostly tertiary that present the main theme.

Multistate Restraints on Taxing Jurisdiction Essay

Multistate Restraints on Taxing Jurisdiction - Essay ExampleThe nexus should deal with each starting time individu every(prenominal)y according to the income generated (Rigos 20).The taxation issue will not be of a huge effect because flick has achieved a state of the art engineering (Rigos 22). This technology assists it in the faster production of lighters and at a cheaper price than the competitors against it (Rigos 25). The Flinks geared effort to save income taxes of the state, this effort has led it to contribute all the intellectual properties it owns to a subsidiary (Rigos 32). The taxing agency will consider this thereof they will not situate the tax at a richly level (Rigos 33). The taxing agency should understand that more sales do not imply that the company is earning more money. The taxation agency should be kind of the money spent by the company (Rigos 35).The rate of income is quite high hence the companys output rate is remarkably low this message that the tax payment will be of low impact on the company (Rigos 39). The companys mode of marketing is immensely powerful hence resulting to a lot of income via the sales made (Rigos 39). The company filling of sales will indicate how the company has been progressing to the taxation agency (Rigos 42). This will make the taxation agency decide what to tax this company thus avoiding over taxation. (Rigos 43) The tax must not be a discriminating element against interstate commerce, and the tax must be relatively fair to the states services provided (Rigos 45).The company got introduced to the internet marketing thus boosting the cigarette lighter sale to a tremendous frame of reference (Rigos 46). The company pays the other advertising companies money based on the tax amount that can be a result from each click through with(predicate) to the companies link (Rigos 48). Because the tax is enforceable exaction and not a contribution which is voluntary, the company should pay the dues so as to assis t in the generation of the states

Defending your case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Defending your case - Essay ExampleIt is a stage of post traumatic relationship, where the female can go to being paranoid because of the trauma she is experiencing from the pains of the relationship. domestic help violence is actually listed as a disease, albeit not an organic one. It is a disease because it causes pain and mental stress to the victim. To be called a battered woman a female should have two cycles of battering. in that respect are no statistics that show the rate of the victims of Battered Womens Syndrome. However, there are statistics that show that 50% of all the homeless women in the States are fleeing domestic help violence. Statistics also show that men beat almost 4 million women every year. They are all helpless, and as part of the syndrome, they take down stick with their partners even if they are abused. However, there are those who manage to kill their abusive partners as part of survival. Unfortunately, that accounts for a criminal case.Looking through history, we can see that Domestic Violence is not new. In fact, it is permitted. Women were always seen as the inferior sex and this made the men more confident in lording over women. In ancient Roman history, the husband is permitted to use force like breaking his wifes nose to discipline her. The English principle of coverture actually commodified women they are properties too. Lastly, and perhaps the most infamous law regarding Domestic Violence is the Rule of Thumb. It was in the Common Law of England that states that a man can beat his wife as long as the stick used is not wider than his thumb.The Battered Woman Defense is not regarded highly in courts. Why? The main argument of the judicial system system is this the females do not get out of the abusive relationship early on. The judiciary system is implying that these females killed the abusive man because they are indeed murderous people, not saving their lives as what the females say. Looking at the symptoms of

Marketing 521 - Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing 521 - Discussion - Assignment ExampleMoreover, if the employees are made to perceive the organization positively, they become motivated to work in the organization change magnitude their productivity. The management of an organization may decide on the values and characteristics the organization wants the public to associate it with. When the desired values have been established, they should be translated in to appealing marketing language. The Public relations department should then popularize the values among the employees in the organization before publicizing it eternally.Ethics refer to the honourable values and principles that guide a person in decision making (Brenkert, 2008). Several ethical issues exist in the field of marketing. Predatory pricing in developing countries by large corporations to drive out competition is an ethical issue. Through this pricing method, competitors are denied their livelihood by large organizations by universe driven out of busines s. Price fixing is another illegal activity in marketing. This happens when traders conspire to regulate prices of commodities so as to remain at a particular level for their mutual benefits. They manipulate supply and demand so that prices favor their profitability. The consumers are left on the receiving side since they have no choice, further to buy commodities at the exaggerated

Hospitality Operations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Hospitality Operations - Coursework ExampleBanking on business development also aims at maximizing the quality of services provided to clients.The hospitality patience experiences seasonal fluctuation in client turnout. Products in the industry also tend to be based on determinants that dictate the supply and demand trends in the sector. Tourists, for instance, may envision a region during a given period or depending on climatic conditions. The sales of various products may as head be high during a given event or occasion. This is inclusive of income from a number of tourist attractions that may have peak and off-peak periods. Tourists may visit a park to observe a given behavior of wildlife, e.g., migration, which they portray during a given season. The seasonality in pricing is also prominent in the hospitality industry with variations in demand (Laws, 2005, p. 117).Unlike other industries, customers in the hospitality industry do not acquire physical ownership of the products o ffered. Being a service industry, customers own the experience that they achieve from the services offered. They do not, notably, own the services offered. Provision of quality service is live to ensure customers get the shell experience. This helps maintain customer loyalty and aids organizations to maintain competitiveness in the industry.Services offered in the tourism industry are nearly perishable and contest for the time limit available during service provision. This also creates a challenge in achieving harmony between demand and supply constraints. Achieving valuable management of yields is vital in achieving the best performance in the hospitality industry. Setting up complementary services and strategies to boost income during nonpeak demand is essential, as well. Need to Ensure compliance to Local NeedsA strategy by hospitality business to expand operations may meet a number of challenges. Expansion strategies

The Black Death in Police Custody Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Black Death in Police Custody - Essay ExampleDeaths in police, prison and psychiatric custody since 1990. The details of deaths of blacks which have taken place in police custody and which have given rise to concern because of unexplained or mysterious circumstances surrounding those deaths and / or allegations of maltreatment, dereliction of duty or brutality have been discussed. The Study will be increasingly contacted by a small but neertheless disturbing number of families where a relative has died in suspicious circumstances and they atomic number 18 unhappy with the police investigation. Whilst it is non within our remit to provide assistance in such cases we have referred many families to members of our Lawyers group. The police be investigating themselves that makes it very difficult for them to win the combine of the deceaseds family, friends and local community. This is particularly the case following a black death in custody, when the police face a black community that already has, as senior police officers acknowledge, a heightened mistrust of the police. Families frequently complain about the length of time that the investigation takes, their lack of involvement in it and, as menti iodined earlier, the personality of the questions about the deceased. One major cause of anger for black families following a death in police custody is the misinformation - perhaps more accurately spin - put out in the polices publicity about the circumstances of the death. This misinformation, issued soon after the death, has tended to shape news coverage and wider public perceptions of the causes of a death and seems to be intended to play down the involvement of police officers.Table 1Deaths in Police Custody 1990-1998 (to July)Source INQUEST monitoring RTA = Road Traffic happeningFor the family of the deceased the inquest is their only opportunity to find out the circumstances of the death. This is particularly important given the lack of prior disclosure of information. However there are a number of serious obstacles in the way of effective representation. For a start not everyone has a family in some cases there is no one who qualifies as a properly interested person under the Coroners Rules. There is no legal aid (provision for it was made in the Legal Aid Act 1949 but never brought into force it was repealed in 1988). In cases where families have had legal advice and representation (often free as there is no legal aid) experienced barristers and solicitors have been able to discharge new light on the cause of death.Aim of ResearchThe Studys principal aim is to explore the reasons behind the black deaths in police custody. And there are should be a wide ranging public inquiry into deaths in custody to consider- to investigate legal processes which follow- to focus in particular on the treatment of bereaved families- to address the disproportionate number of black

Services Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Services Marketing - Essay ExampleServices industries primarily provide intangible products to customers by offering services. Retail, transports, food services etc ar the example of services industries (Pezzullo, 1998, p.194). The merchandising activities in services sectors are known as services marketing. Marketing is wholeness of the major activities in handicraft organisations and its grandeur and necessity give birth been multiplied with increasing completion and market size. There are certain differences between marketing activities of manufacturing industries and services industries. For example, in services marketing there are 7 Ps instead of 4 Ps which include product, price, promotion, place, people and physical evidences (Jobber and Fahy, 2008, p.177). Therefore, managing the marketing activities in service crinkle is backbreaking as management has to consider many aspects at the same time. This paper lead attempt to assess an organisation engaged in services busi ness using various management models and tools for offering a set of conceiv adapted and effective recommendations. In this respect, at first, a brief description of the company will provided to understand its nature of business and other aspects. In order to analyse the companys business environments management analytical tools will used. Finally, based on the research findings, conclusion and recommendations will be made. 2. Brief Description of EasyJet Airline-211 EasyJet is a UK based air hose company and it is one of the leading airline services providers in entire Europe. This airline company aims to become a low cost airline service provider in Europe. Stelios Haji-Ioannou, a Greek business started an airline business with two leased aircraft and he named this airline EasyJet. The growing importance of airlines services and EasyJets efficient performances, made this airline as a one of the market leaders. By the end of 2009, EasyJet became pan airline that operated with over 400 routes with over 175 aircraft in 27 countries (EasyJet Plc-a, n.d.). Its efficient business and services strategies have led to increase the popularity of the company, and during 2009, nearly 50% of its total passengers were recorded as non-UK people. The business model of EasyJet includes five major values that have enhanced its business activities and these values are safety, teamwork, pioneering, passionate and integrity. Its present headquarter is in Luton, England and it has over 7,300 people including 1,900 pilots and 4,300 cabin crew (EasyJet Plc-b, n.d.). In order to manage its sustainability issues, it has also included its responsibilities towards society, corporate, environments and community. overdue to efficient managements and growing market size, the financial position of the company has become stronger in UK airline industry. 3. Swot Analysis In order to access a companys internal & external position and external opportunities and strengths, SWOT is one of the most widely used tools. SWOT analysis is very assistive in providing a summary concept of various internal and external factors which are very important for strategic managements and decision making process. Carlock and Ward has been able to identify the importance of SWOT analysis and in this respect they have commented that the SWOT analysis helps to capture data in order to qualitatively biz the firm on the

Solution to Campus Rapes across the US Research Paper

Solution to Campus violates across the US - Research Paper ExampleSolving campus rapes and sexual execration has been one of the most difficult tasks due lack of evidence beyond reasonable doubts as most of the evidence presented are always scenarios of ones word against those of the other. This policy papers seeks to establish the possible solutions available to address the college rape menace within legal boundaries and how to provide lasting solutions to the college administrations. In doing this, this design go away sidle up some of the empirical evidence available on college rapes and how the available solutions have failed to correct the anomaly. Introduction This is a policy paper that seeks to highlight some of the steps that should be taken to help eliminate the escalating levels of college rapes and sexual abuses. In describing the way forward, this paper will highlight some of the statistical selective in ruleation available on college rapes and how the vice has escal ated in our universities. The weaknesses of the available laws and administrative agendas in mitigating this vice will also be highlighted to enables readers understand the magnitude of the vice. Finally, the paper will provide the solutions that should be adopted to help mitigate the vice and increase the undecomposedty of the students within our campuses. According to the analysis of campus rape and sexual assault plow of 2011, of all the rapes physical compositioned in the states of Massachusetts, 4% occurred within colleges and campus residential areas. Out of this total, 74% were females who were sexually victimized in campus and their males colleagues accounted for over 99% of the perpetrators. A titanic percentage of the victims were white students followed distantly by blacks and the Hispanic Americans (Elizabeth 34). This demonstrates the level of the vice in our institutions and how the college administrations have been unable to adequately address the menace. Psycholo gist however points to another lane of concern in trying to develop a lasting solution to this vice in our institution. According to this report, the victim and the offender have been shown to be every close friends, acquaintances, or strangely enough, boyfriends/girlfriends (Tolman 231). Most of these incidences, as the data indicates occur during the weekends and especially during the midnight hours towards dawn. Of all the rapes, 81% occurred in the college dormitories or students official residences, followed by appear of campus houses or apartments at 9% and finally the fraternity at 4%. Weapons and force are used to carry out these activities and this was demonstrated in report which indicated that 60% of the rapes that were reported occurred as a result of the use of force or a weapon to intimidate the victim (Christopher 64). Campuses and colleges should be a safe ground for our children and relatives to pursue higher education upon which their future success is pegged. Th e environment that encourages and fruitful interaction of students should be devoid of any form of threat to the students each from outside or from within the institution. Rape has been shown by a number of psychological reports as one of the major causes of suicide, depression and low morale among the youths. Rape victims find it hard to forgive themselves for what happened to on that fateful night or day and this affects their studies and concentrations. Most rapes also occur in the absence of any form of

Igor Stravinsky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Igor Stravinsky - Essay ExampleThe exploitation of these ideals and the exploration of how music reflected the while were the main initiatives that Stravinsky took with the compositions written during this meter frame. Changing Culture of 1914-1918 The region of Europe and the exposure that was occurring within the arts during this time had one of the most influential aspects in terms of culture and politics. The several outbreaks of war, specifically which led finished World War I, began to swap the outlook of the artists that were in respective(a) countries. A whizz of nationalism and pride toward the country was one of the growing influences that some of the artists began to look into. More important, there was a focus on the outbreaks and outcomes of the war and the destructions and victories which were associated with this. The burden of the national ordeal and the wartime experiences led to the formation of a new worldview and a new self awareness. On the one hand, the Great War became a touchstone for the humanistic yearnings of the intellectuals. On the other, it acted as a catalyst for new aesthetic directions. The cultural direction which was influenced by the war then created a component of new expressions and set that most could work toward in building a different understanding of humanistic and political expressions. The expressions of culture were furthered by the political leaders and outlooks associated with this. Many of the artists of this time were interested in making a statement that either opposed or was for the patriotism that was within various regions of Europe. Before 1914, there was a impetus that was based on anti politics, specifically with those who either were patriotic or opposed the changes that were occurring within Europe. Social policies, conflicts of those who were involved in politics and the outcome from various groups led to different and opposing ideologies about the war and the political stance. Those invol ved in the politics, or which were opposed to this, were withal interested in creating social change and statements that were reflective of the need to find new solutions. When the war began, this was heightened and became intensified by artists who were interested in a change with the politics. This either led to a sense of propaganda among the artists or opposed the reforms which were taking place2. Stravinsky and World War I The perspectives that Stravinsky held during 1914-1918 were pivotal in how he worked toward the creation of his music and the pieces which were associated with this. While he was from Russia and the Poland territory, there was also an international outlook which he held because of his recognition at this time. Before this time, Stravinsky was noted to have a more exploratory outlook with the works, such as through Pierrot Lunaire. While the exploration of music continued in 1914, there were several personal and cultural conflicts that changed the music. For instance, the funding for arts was more conservative because of the war, leaving many of the works unpublished unless they were more conservative in nature. Many of his works werent published until the 1920s when a sense of recovery began to occur in the country. This was combined with the understanding that a new culture was being born, specifically which Stravinsky saw through the destruction

Potential liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Potential liability - Essay ExampleSince it was its interest being served at the time of the accident, Mr. Cheatum can claim that it is liable being an employer of its Agentm, Dawn.As to Dawn, she can claim that she was non negligent in her madcap. That it was Mr. Cheatum who was at fault. She can claim that she was driving in the prescribed speed limit and was on the right lane and that the accident was due in fact to the negligent act of Mr. Cheatum.As to strong As We Can Deliver, it can claim that it has exercised diligent in hiring and supervising its employee, Dawn. That the strict liability clause, or the respondeat superior or the vicarious liability clause will not reach to him since at the time of the accident, Dawn has already finished her shift. Hence, she was not at work when the accident happened. As to DNA lab, it should not be held liable since there was no employer-employee relationship between them because Dawn was not an employee of the lab but an employee of F AST. The vicarious liability will not apply to them.Auto Accident Injury Due to Vicarious Liability. (n.d.) Retrieved from website http//www.caraccidentattorneys.com/resources/auto-accident/fault-in-car-accidents/vicarious-liability-owner-driver.htm. Accessed on June 14,

Australian industrial relations and employment law reforms Assignment

Australian industrial relations and employment law reforms - Assignment modellingState involvement in industrial relations actions is both interesting and questionable, especially where politics that come with it argon put into consideration. This paper seeks to critically disassemble the reforms in employment sector by pointing out various benefits and poor decisions that were made in Australia for the past two decades. 2.0 Industrial Relations and Employment legality Reforms The establishment of the commonwealth conciliation and arbitration commission was a major step towards bringing towards finding a peaceful resolution to industrial relations. It besides did recognize trade unions and this was a major boost for collective bargaining. All the registered unions became part and parcel of institutional framework that was meant for the Australian industrial relations. ... In 2005, body of work choices was introduced and this market the start of the Australian workplace agreement s (AWA) and this was followed by the drastic disbandment of unfair dismissal laws which was targeting the employers that have less than one hundred employees (Hyslop & Stillman, 2004, pp.2). The language of employment relations has also been adjusted to include certain terms like high involvement which do bring out the aspect of employee motivation to work. Such lingual changes also do emphasise the critical needs for teamwork, multiskilling and general involvement of employees to ensure that high levels of performance in terms of productivity and quality standards are achieved. Generally, the feeling for employees in Australia has been the lack of inclusion or consultation when it comes to keys issues that have an impact on their work and life (Quiggan, 2005, pp.2-6). Reports of over-working, high stress levels and lack of chore security seems to have been the main driving force in this approach. The national employment relations have really changed. During these changes, the ind ustrial relations reform was a major issue on the agenda of various policy-making parties and has continued to elicit much debate from the political seen. 3.0 Industrial relations reforms amid hidden political interests When the Australian labour part got elected in 2007, introduction of Fair Work Australia and WorkChoices came onto being. This two employment systems had a major impact on the hands of Australia and changed the face of employment relations and how the citizens view it. They also marked the beginning of State participation in the industrial relations. The election of Liberal National nuclear fusion party that

Multi Channel Merchandising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Multi Channel Merchandising - Essay ExampleSuper shoppers, as they are identified in the report, are more likely to be customers of all three channels and purchase four times more frequently online than the average online shopper. Super shoppers purchase from a retailers chime in 70% more frequently than the average store customer and 110% more frequently from the retailers compose. The study reports that reaching the super multi-channel customer is primary to a retailers success. Retailers face big risks if they dont support their online channel. Significant levels of cross-channel purchasing were reported. Online shoppers were found to be the most active, with 78% purchasing from both the Web site and the brick-and-mortar store. Among those with a preference, 73% of store shoppers prefer to research their purchases online. Store shoppers in the 35-44 age group were 24% more likely to look for or purchase items in-store that they previously had seen on a retailers Web site. Shopp ers with household incomes between $75,000 and $99,999 were 55% more likely to browse online before buying. Multi-channel retail excellence remains elusive. Many retail executives readily acknowledge that they are far from realizing rewards from true multi-channel integration. Discussions with retail executives showed a wide range of sophistication levels across a number of important business areas. few retailers have received buy-in from senior executives and are measuring Return On Investment (ROI) in an advanced way -- using tangible revenue results and intangible factors. Other retailers are just beginning to take ROI issues to senior executives and are struggling with internal conflict over...Of course many a housewife would carve up you shopping is more than purchasing a need or a want. It is an experience in itself. The concept of retail therapy is not a new ace and will probably be never out of fashion. The Wall street learnt what these housewives knew already in the dot -com bust. The learning which came out this was that net would continue to be an effective tool in retailing but it was not necessarily a either/or proposition. All companies needed to have a presence on the net and other areas to reach a new market of customers. A Key report came out in 2001 after the dust settled on the dotcom bust2. The summary of it was as followsThe majority of retailers looking at ROI in an advanced manner have history behind them-they tend to be catalog retailers, and according to this research, their importance to the future of multi-channel retailing excellence is crucial.According to a report by the Interactive Media in Retail Group (IMRG), the industry physical structure for e-retailers, online spending rose to 4.2 billion in July, up 80 per cent year on year. While this is great news for a retail industry blighted by poor high street sales, such surveys provide only a top line view of consumer behaviour.Without doubt, this surge in online applicatio n denotes growing consumer confidence, despite escalating fears of identity theft and poor online security.

Code of Ethics for Engineers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Code of Ethics for Engineers - Essay ExampleIntroduction The issues of ethics in the modern society are very master(prenominal) for the representatives of different fields. A special attention to ethics should be paid by managers and engineers, people, who are responsible for the lives of other people. It is evident that the issues of ethics determine of import background of professional activities. Thus, an engineer should be responsible and a devoted professional. A neglectful attitude to the direct professional duties can result in deaths of people or numerous damages. It is further discussed that engineers should develop and support their decisions, which are honest, factual and safe. Therefore, it is not difficult to comply with the ethical issues for the engineers. A personal share to work and work performance under supervision will lead to taking the number of steps in a responsible manner. The level of competency and experience are two basic factors, which determine the su ccessful actions of the managers. deterrent example Study Summary The responsibility of the modern managers and engineers exceeds the limits of their standard professional roles and functions. On the theme of the chance study ab pop out BAC1-11 (British Airways flight 5390) it is evident that ethical concerns and a proper attention to the most relevant features of human lives are of crucial vastness for the safety of their lives and souls. There was a great accident happened to that plane when BAC1-11 was flying through 17,330 feet en route from Birmingham to Malaga, Spain, June 10, 1990, the cabin pressure blew out the left windshield. This case study illustrates drastic consequences of an engineers behavior in case of his neglectful attitude for his professional activities. Moreover, ethical issues should create a strong and a reliable basis for a proper consideration about professional skills. There was a great personal tragedy happened to the commander of the crew, who was su cked halfway out of the windscreen aperture. There were no accidents of death and there was, supposedly, an oversight of the manufacturer. Actually, a specified 84 bolts securing the windscreen were of a persecute diameter. There was a wrong action made by the Shift Maintenance Manager, who decided to make an operation, which he has been doing for many times. The Shift Maintenance Manager made a wrong decision, when he supposed to replace the bolts of the required diameter with 7Ds. Of course, it can be classified as a professional mistake and an evident oversight of the manager. Nevertheless, it is give up to correlate ethical issues of his behavior with the Code of Ethics. It outlines specific ways of behavior for the engineers and managers, because the lives of people depend on appropriateness of their actions and the necessity of professional measures taking. Discussion of the Case Study A lack of Ethical Concerns Therefore, the mistake of the manager can be explained as inab ility of an individual to carry out a score responsibility and a lack of appropriate testing. Moreover, the Shift Maintenance Manager was lacking of a proper potential to conduct a high-quality process of the windscreen fitting. Thus, it can be said that there were too poor practices of engineering, a lack of professionalism and inability to provide high-quality engineering services. The direct work of the manager was not properly audited and Product Samples and Quality Audits can be

Management in context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management in context - Essay Example1). I have mention that the explanation presented by the author for the unique theory makes it all common sense in management practice. I find the authors labels on the third theory as a proactive one suitable, because it brings up a new way of establishing the link. I concur with the author that in management practice, accumulated academic knowledge can be employ as an engagement tool rather than applied as a theory. Case studies argon used to expose how a proactive theory can work when managers engage academic knowledge within their management practice activities to improve their mathematical operation (Ghoshal, 2005 pg. 1). The case studies shows how scholarship applied together with academic theory in the management practice of inquiry is sexual intercourseal and provides opportunities for evidence based management. The implication of my observations is in relation to the fact that using a proactive approach in management practice creates a link between academic theory and relational skills of managers. Surprises in JA 2 The author has taken an in depth analysis of how the performance of management theories affects organizations seam culture. I can observe that according to the author, business schools have enhanced the development of such management theories. ... am surprised with the authors comments that academic research, which studies the conduct of organizations and management, has generated serious negative effects on the practice of management. I am also surprised that the author seems to be suggesting that graduates from business schools lack common sense of moral responsibility. The author has used the dissembling of knowledge and the application of system based gloomy vision to explain his assertions (Ramsey, 2011 pg. 82). The observations I have made in this article has serious implications in relation to the belief that business schools ought to teach excellent management theories and should not be blamed for negative aspects of business culture. The Evidence The author has used Mikes learning and Kieran is learning to show the application of academic theory within management practices. The two articles show three elements of academic theory when engaged in management practice (Ramsey, 2011 pg. 12). The elements revealed in the learnings include an engagement with ideas, a practice of inquiry, and an emphasis on moment-by-moment relating within practice (Ramsey, 2011 pg. 23). The writer has used suggestions from other authors to show that the most significant aspect of this link pertains to the place of the evidence that is applied in the academic theory. The writer quotes other authors to strengthen his arguments for the application of evidence-based management. This management approach places decision-making initiatives on evidence that can be gathered and assessed. The author argues that action analysis tool known as Provocative hypothesis Cycle of Inquiry is critical to the engagement approach in the practice of management. The author has presented information that the pretense of knowledge

The Power of Possessions Essay Example for Free

The Power of Possessions EssayPossessions hold on to the memories from the past tense reflecting the emotion a person holds on to. Holding onto possessions allows people to reminisce the memories from their past whether uplifting or heartbreaking, these possessions hold onto the stories we do not want to forget. In the poem Mrs. Calderas House of Things, Mrs. Caldera keeps hold of so many items of her past including draw tips, plastic hummingbirds, tineless forks, milk bottles and many more.Mrs. Caldera loves thinking about her childhood and having all of the items helps remind her of all her childhood memories. It is obvious that all these items bring great merriment and happiness to her especially at the end of the poem when Mrs. Caldera is baking cookies and the author says, She is humming a song from childhood,/ Her arms are heavy and strong / They endure held babies, a husband, (7.25-27). In those lines, it is shown that Mrs. Caldera is happy with the life she lives and thinking about her past gives her great joy. In the excerpt from Memoria ex Machina the author feels great emotions from a silvern Seiko watch and a 1973 Datsun 1200, both items which belonged to his father. Thinking back on the memories from his dads items brings him great fear.It is evident that he is fearful of these items especially the watch when he says, a pleasant hum long since obliterated by hordes of digital beeps. In those lines, the author says how the watch was soothing to him with its pleasant hums but now it is scare to see it. Both the watch and the car which he has such fond memories of, now fill him with fear and despair as if he wishes he could flash back the things he did. In both the poem and the excerpt it is shown that the possessions a person holds on to contains the memories from the past. They remind people of important memories in their life no matter how happy or depressing they are. With possessions, people can always remember the memories they want.

List of Companies Essay Example for Free

List of Companies Essay1. Am border CorporateThe AmBank Group is one of Malaysias premier pecuniary services separate with leadership positions in the retail banking, commercial banking, investment banking and insurance sectors. With an established history and a track record of customer focus and innovation, the AmBank Group continues to military service its customers with a wide range of innovative products and services.2. Astro Holdings Sdn BhdAstro Holdings Sdn Bhd is a Malaysia investment holding media and entertainment company that began in the form of a pay digital educate broadcast satellite radio and television service, Astro. 3. Celcom Axiata Berhad with the Mobile tote uping Portability by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission, CELCOM also pass ons Virtual Mobile hooker services. Celcom also provides rural communications services using CDMA Technology and Satellite Phone.4. CIMB BankIn their commitment to deliver a more exclusive aim of banking, they continuously develop their products and services, advisory capabilities and lifestyle privileges to be more attentive, convenient and rewarding for their customers.5. DiGi TelecommunicationsDiGi Telecommunications Sdn. Bhd., DBA DiGi, is a mobile service provider in Malaysia. It is owned in majority by Telenor ASA of Norway with 49%. On 24 May 1995 DiGi became the first telco in Malaysia to launch and operate a fully digital cellular network.6. DRB-HICOMDRB-HICOM Berhad (DRB-HICOM) is one of Malaysias leading companies listed on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad, playing an integral role in the nations road to industrialisation.7. Maxis CommunicationsMaxis provides a variety of mobile communication products and services. They offer prepaid call plans, monthly subscription plans, International Roaming, MMS, WAP (over both GSM and GPRS), Residential Fixed Line services, Broadband Internet plans, and as of early 2005, 3G services to both prepaid and post paid su bscription customers. It is easier to attract the customers.8. Media Prima BerhadRich with compelling theme, Media Primas traditional and new media channels have been competent to engage millions of people throughout Malaysia and beyond with something for everyone.9. Naza GroupThe Naza Group of Companies is Malaysias largest privately-owned conglomerate with occupationes in the automotive industry, property development, food and beverage and hotel management to fig a few.10. New Straits Times GroupNSTP is the leading printed media with a growing online presence. They inform, educate and entertain.11. PeroduaThey responsible for the sales, marketing, and distribution of all Perodua vehicles as healthy as after sales service and spare parts operations. Perodua is well-known for selling affordable car for everyone.12. Petronas Dagangan BerhadCommitted to a growth agenda, PDB strives to continuously provide higher-ranking products, and services in all its four core businesses of R etail, moneymaking(prenominal), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Lubricants.The Company invests in research and development (RD) to ensure that PDB continues to offer a wide range of internationally recognised high quality petroleum products including motor gasoline, aviation fuel, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, bunker fuel, LPG cylinders and asphalt. Today, PDB is the market leader in the Commercial and LPG sectors, with strong fundamentals to retain and further solidify this position.13. PLUS Malaysia BerhadThe PLUS Expressways Berhad (PEB) or PLUS Malaysia Berhad (PMB) or known as Projek Lebuhraya Usahasama Berhad (PLUS) (formerly Projek Lebuhraya Utara Selatan Berhad (PLUS)) (MYX 5052) is the biggest Highway Concessionaries or Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) agent company in Malaysia. A member of the UEM Group, the company is also the largest listed toll expressway operator in Southeast Asia, Asia, and the eighth largest in the world.14. Pos MalaysiaPos Malaysia Berhad constantly i nvests in identifying, evaluating and maximising the human capital that drives the organisation and innovating solutions to improve its products and services to fulfill the increasing demands of its customers.15. Proton Holdings BerhadUsing the resources, technology, innovations, manpower and design capabilities which includes the expertise of PROTONs wholly-owned subsidiary Lotus engineering UK, one of the worlds leading automotive engineering consultancy companies, has provided PROTON with an invaluable resource which has helped place the national car company at the forefront of the automotive industry.16. Sime DarbySime Darby provides many large-minded of services such as Sime Darby Plantation, Sime Darby Industrial, Sime Darby Energy Utilities, Sime Darby Property and Sime Darby Motors.17. ShellAs one of the worlds leading nil companies Shell plays a find role in helping to meet the worlds growing energy demand in economicalally, environmentally and socially responsible way s.18. Public BankPublic Bank Berhad is a bank based in Malaysia. Public Bank is the biggest domestic bank in Malaysia by shareholders funds. It focuses on retail customers and wee to medium sized enterprises19. SIRIM BerhadSIRIM has been dedicated in championing standards and management services, research and technology in high-end technology development, technology transfer and technopreneurship incubation.20. Tenaga Nasional BerhadTNBs core activities are in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. Other activities include repairing, testing and maintaining power plants, providing engineering, procurement and construction services for power plants related products, assembling and manufacturing high voltage switchgears, coal archeological site and trading.21. Telekom MalaysiaAs a model corporate citizen committed to good governance and transparency, TM continues its pledge to ensure the integrity of our processes, people andreputation as well as the sustaina bility of our operations. Our Corporate Responsibility (CR) ethos reinforces responsible behaviour in the four main domains of the marketplace, workplace, the community and the environment. With a focus on ICT, the Group further promotes 3 major platforms i.e. education, community/nation-building and environment, through our Reaching Out programmes.22. Konsortium Transnasional BerhadKonsortium Transnasional Brhad is the largest operator of public bus transportation in Malaysia. Its stage and express bus operations provide the most extensive coverage throughout Peninsular Malaysia, covering all major cities and towns as well as Singapore.23. Petron Malaysia Refining Marketing BhdBeyond their business agenda, they take their corporate and social citizenship to heart by integrating education and environment programs into our operations to ensure sustainability and contribute to social development.24. Aeon Co. (M) BhdAEONs constant home(a) refurbishment of stores to project an image d esigned to satisfy the ever changing needs and desires of consumers is clear evidence of this. The Companys performance has been further enhanced by the managements keen understanding of target market needs and the provision of an optimal product-mix. AEONs stores are mostly situated in suburban residential areas, catering to Malaysias vast shopping centre income group.25. AirAsia BerhadAirAsia Berhad is a Malaysian low-cost airline headquartered in Kuala Lumpur. It has been named as the worlds best low-cost airline, and a pioneer of low-cost travel in Asia. AirAsia group operates plan domestic and international flights to 78 destinations spanning 25 countries.Their tagline Everyone Can Fly have attracted everyone to try their services.26. Malaysian Airlines (MAS)Apart from the airline the group also includes aircraft maintenance, repair and make pass (MRO), and aircraft handling. Malaysia Airlines has two airline subsidiaries Firefly and MASwings. They offered affordable price for everyone with different classes.27. Hong Leong BankThe Groups Reaching Out to You embeds the organisation in the country and community within which it operates. Through its financial services arm Hong Leong Financial Group Berhad, which consists of Hong Leong Bank, Hong Leong Islamic Bank, Hong Leong Bank Vietnam, Hong Leong Assurance and Hong Leong Tokio Marine Takaful, the Group is well positioned as an integrated financial services provider.28. Apple IncorporatedApple Inc. (Apple) designs, manufactures and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players, and sells a variety of related software, services, peripherals, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications. News about Apple Incorporated, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.29. Samsung CorporationSamsung has a powerful influence on South Koreas economic development, politics, media and culture, and has been a major driving force behind the Miracle on the Han River. Its affiliate companies produce around a fifth of South Koreas total exports. Samsungs revenue was liken to 17% of the South Koreas $1082 billion GDP.30. Nokia CorporationNokia has production facilities located all over the world and were working to make each one as sustainable as possible. In part, this means minimising any negative environmental and social impact the facility may have for example, by reducing its energy consumption or ensuring materials are ethically sourced. But it also means maximising the positive impact our presence can have on the topical anaesthetic community from providing rewarding employment opportunities to supporting worthy causes, such as schools or hospitals.JCS3113Corporate Communication in PracticeName Nur Afdhaliah Binti Abu BakarMatrix Number 4111009431Title List of Company with Good Marketing StrategyLecturers Name Sir Azrul Shah Bin MohamadDate of Submission 18 September 20 13

Chapter 21 notes- the kite runner Essay Example for Free

Chapter 21 notes- the kite runner EssayAmir visits his old house in capital of Afghanistan and the hill north of Babas house- The city is now completely unfamiliar to Amir, and he looks at it almost as a tourist Amir looks outback(a) his bedroom window and remembers looking out of it when watching Hassan and Amir leave. Twenty-five years earlier, I had stood behind that same window, thick rain dripping win the panes and my breath fogging up the glass. I had watched Hassan and Ali load their belongings into the trunk of my fathers car -Amir Characters involved Amir Farid Hassan- Amir discusses their good memories in the cubic yard of Babas house and up at the pomegranate tree on the hill. Amir and Hassan. The Sultans of Kabul- still carved into the pomegranate tree. A man and char were executed on the soccer oval in front of all the spectators Characters involved Taliban (Islamic radicals) Amir Farid Woman and man both killed by rocks And they call themselves Muslims -Farid Mo rd? Mord? Is he dead? -Amir Every sinner must be punished in a manner befitting his sin - Cleric at the stadium. This part of the text gives evidence that the Taliban are brutal, have no sympathy and are murderers. The Taliban say they are obeying God. Meeting arranged to meet with the Taliban that afternoon.Characters involved Farid- asks for Amir Taliban official Symbols pomegranate tree tree Then I went looking for the abandoned cemetery. It didnt take me long to find it. It was still there, and so was the old pomegranate tree. - Amir I stood under it, remembered all the times wed climbed it, straddled its branches, our legs swinging, dappled sunlight flickering through the leaves and casting on our faces a mosaic of light and shadow. The lemony taste of pomegranate crept into my mouth. -Amir The ruined, dead tree serves as a symbol that the city Kabul that Amir knew was now dead. Environment- Kabul- *Desolate.*Ruined *Dusty *Abandoned * preserved Amirs house *Surrounded by w eeds *Rusty The Wall of Ailing Corn was still there, though I saw no corn, ailing or other-wise, along that wall now. -Amir Paint peeled off The house was far from the sprawling white mansion I remembered from my childhood. It looked smaller. -Amir Like so much else in Kabul, my fathers house was the picture of fallen splendour. -Amir I wanted to step into the foyer, smell the orange peel Ali always tossed into the stave to burn the sawdust. Sit at the kitchen table, have tea with a slice of naan, listen to Hassan sing old Hazara songs. -Amir.

Physical And Chemical Properties Of Bamboo Environmental Sciences Essay

Physical And Chemical Properties Of Bamboo Environmental Sciences EssayChapter 1 has been drafted in a adult malener that it is to draw the context of this dissertation. It defines the locality, and has an insight into the conjugation vitamin E Indian Bamboo industry. It attempts to justify the riding habit of bamboo as a primary whirl actual in the argona, receivable to its abundant availability. It tries to highlight the faults in the true and handed-down regularitys prevalent in the theatrical role which ar a hindrance to bamboo cosmos more(prenominal) often used for whirl. The dissertation re search looks into gathering straight proofs to support the hypothesis which comes after appreciation the problems of the ara.1.1 Bamboo dissemination1.1.1 World Wide DistributionBamboo is a plant belonging to the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae. In bamboo, the internodal pieces of the stem ar hollow and the vascular bundles in the cros s section be scattered by means ofout the stem instead of in a rounded ar ratement. Bamboo is a native to five continents some the world Asia, Africa, South America, North America and Australia. It is found at all elevations from the coast of the Philippines up to 15,000 feet above sea level in the eastern Andes.Bamboo grows in the tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of all continents except Europe, geographically divided into 3 z angiotensin converting enzymes the Asia- Pacific zone(around 700 species), the America zone (around four hundred species) and the African zone (around 50 species). There argon to leggyy 70 genera and 1200 species of bamboo all over the world that nurse been recorded, with some more in rudimentary regions to be discovered and identified. Over 2.5 billion people worldwide use or trade in bamboo worth 4.5 billion US Dollar all(prenominal) year (INBAR 1999).1.1.2 South East AsiaBamboo is found in abundance in South East Asia, the tropical sce nario, temperature and footing conditions in the area widely promotes the evolution of bamboo in the area. China is known as the Kingdom of Bamboo, with around 500 bamboo species native here, inbornly distributed in 16 provinces and 1 municipal city, among which Yunnan takes up 220 species due to its diversified climate and geographical characteristics. Due to its abundance in availability, from the starting of time bamboo as such has been a break of all South East Asian traditions. Bamboo is an inseparable part of south east Asian culture, medicine , music, twisting and food.In twisting, bamboo provides pillars, floors, walls, doors, window frames, rafters, room separators, ceilings and roofs. The meeting houses of some New guinea fowl villages are 20 m tall and more than 40 m long, with huge bamboo poles set deep into the ground and bent over in the work on of Gothic arches to carry the thickly thatched roof, creating some of the boldest structures reinforced with minimal e quipment and engineering science. Japanese houses are far more sophisticated, but are still typically built of wood, paper and bamboo. Bamboo is used to make guard houses in rice fields, roadside food shops, hot houses for growing mushrooms, smoke houses for drying tobacco or rubber, store houses for rice and separate produce, and livestock sheds. Bamboo is alike used to make pegs which replace nails. Bamboo scaffolding finds extensive use in Asian cities, even on truly tall buildings. Bamboo is used by means ofout rural Asia to build bridges of many types and sizes they can be as long as 25 m, often involving sophisticated technology as suspension bridges, but also with simple technology in the form of pontoon bridges (Kurz 1876). Many villagers use bamboo shingles, with the large stems split in fractional and laid with the convex and concave sides alternately facing upwards, with their edges overlapping. In coastal areas, roofs often are make of thatch woven from nipa palm a round long slivrers of bamboo.Location Bamboo field of operations(10,000 hectare) Bamboo SpeciesChina 500.00 500India 400.00 136Burma 217.00 90Thailand 81.00 60Bangladesh 60.00 30Cambodia 28.70 Vietnam 13.00 92Japan 13.80 230Indonesia 6.00 30Malaysia 2.00 44Philippines 2.00 55Korea 0.80 13Sri Lanka 0.20 14In countries like China, Japan and Korea, bamboo also is a frequently used popular motive for poets and painters. Philosophers and literateurs took bamboo as a symbol for a good character making progress modest straight (Wang 2000) there, bamboo is non only a useful satisfying for their everyday life, but also has al piss been developed into a so called bamboo culture through the long time of cohabitation with people.1.1.3 India Why North East India?India is home to about 45% of the worlds bamboo output. There are 125 species of bamboo in India spread across 18 genera. According to a survey by BMTPC (Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council) India produces about 1 3.5 Million Metric dozens of bamboo annually from 9.6 Million Hectares land area (used only for bamboo plantation). Sympodial bamboo consists of 67% of growing stock and monopodial bamboo comprises of 20% of growing stock. Out of this amount the North Eastern part of India alone has the gross share of 66% of the total production. So, it can be said that potentially this region has the widest range climate and topography adapted for growth of bamboo.Distribution of Bamboo in North East India(Area in sq km * )S. No. State Area under Bamboos Area under Muli Bamboo Area under other Bamboo Spp. Area expected to flower Area accessible (Flowered)1. Arunachal Pradesh 4590 100.002. Assam 8213 2950 14563. Manipur 3692 1592 4004. Meghalaya 3100 400 2700 400 2005. Mizoram 6646 5100 1500 5100 12006. Nagaland 0758 250 2507. Tripura 2397 960 1437 2397 300Bamboo is a vital element of Indias North Eastern region comprising the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagala nd, Sikkim and Tripura. Bamboo has been a traditional material of gimmick that has been used in the north east region from quiet some time. In Borneo and the Naga Hills of India, large communal houses that whitethorn be 100 m long are built of bamboo. In Arunachal Pradesh, large suspension bridges have been made out of bamboo, In Assam houses made of bamboo are the typical house type in villages which stand the test of floods and earthquakes in the region. Bamboo is the material of survival of the fittest when it comes to arts and craft in the region. A form of traditional musical instruments are also made from bamboo.The virtues of bamboo are not new, but the interest in it is, says Antonios Levissianos, UNIDO senior industrial development officer. Bamboo is no long-dated seen as a poor mans timber, it is growing to be the most promising substitute for wood and there is great scope for shape up generating rural employment. Indias flow demand for bamboo is an estimated 27 mill ion tones. However, only 50 per cent of that demand can be met because of lack of facilities for value step-up and transportation.1.2 Why Bamboo?Bamboo is one of the foremost sustainable innate(p)ly available material that has been used in facial expression since ages. Bamboo is the traditional material of choice that has been in use in the North East region of India since time immemorial. Bamboo is enduring, versatile and renewable, and due to its vast production (13.5 million metric tonnes annually), it was also the material of choice in construction. Bamboo can replace a variety of woods that are being increasingly used for construction immediately, and thus help in saving forests which today are in a critical stage of deforestation. Also, bamboo converts more carbon-di-oxide, than most other plants, and hence a more eco-friendly material. The growth rate of bamboo is also trio times to eucalyptus and it can be harvested four times in the same period, hence its production an d availability is much more compared to wood. So, bamboo should be the material of choice in the field of construction and not only as a scaffolding option as it is mostly used today, at least(prenominal) in the regions where it is readily available and in bounty.1.2.1 Physical and chemical Properties of bambooPhysical PropertiesPhysical primties of bamboo varies greatly from species to species, and to some extent within a species. Culms are primarily long and straight and the hollow internodes make it comparatively light. The strength of bamboo varies within the species, age of culm, moisture content and portion of culm and generally increases until it reaches maturity. The tensile strength of a bamboo pole is high parallel to the grain. Bamboo however, fails in shear before it fails in tension and so modulus of rive is used to calculate strength. Due to its weak transverse bonds between its fibres, it can be spilt easily along the length (radial or tangential)Chemical Propert iesThe main constituents of the bamboo culm are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Other constituents consist of resins, tannins, waxes and inorganic salts. The composition varies found on years of growth, pacify, species and the part of the culm. Studies on moisture, ligno-cellulosic, starch and silica content are presented in this section. The main percentage composition of a bamboo pole are mainly Cellulose Fibers 40% Parenchyma 50% Vessels (voids) 10%Mechanical PropertiesThe fibers contribute 60-70% of the weight of the total culm tissue. They are long and tapered at their ends. The ratio of length to width varies between 1501 and 2501. Fiber length has showed considerable variation within species. There is also variation in strength properties along the culm acme as well. Compressive strength passs to increase with height Espiloy 1987 Liese 1987 Sattar et al. 1990 Kabir et al. 1991. The strength increases from the central to the outmost part. There is more than 100 p ercent variation in strength from the inner(a) to the outer layers Narayanamurti and Bist 1947.1.2.2 Bamboo In comparison to other prevalent construction materialsA comparative study of the energy unavoidable to produce a unit of a building material with a certain level of load-bearing capacity gives an idea of the sustainability of bamboo.Due to its hollowness and the fibres being in the longitudinal direction, bamboo is a very economic material for structural design, as less material is needed than in case of traditional construction materials such as steel and cover as massive sections can be avoided. In case of load bearing mass, due to its tubular structure bamboo behaves as a I-shaped cross-section, in each of the direction of its load, but it is less efficient than other cross sections in one or two directions.The mechanical properties, the high extent of flexibility, its exceptionally stiff growth rate, comparatively lower weight and low cost make bamboo a preferable bu ilding material over other construction materials. Although, in its natural state bamboo is little efficient to be used as a construction material due to its proneness to decay and insect attack, so, bamboo ask to be treated before it can be used as an extensive construction material.1.2.3 Bamboo as a sustainable construction materialBamboo is not a tree, it is a grass, so unlike trees it does not yield timber. Bamboos environmental benefits arise largely out of its ability to grow and spread rapidly in some cases three to four feet per day without the need for fertilizers, pesticides or much water.A bamboo grove also releases some 35 percent more oxygen into the air than a similar-sized stand of trees, because of this, planting bamboo is a great way to reduce your carbon footprint and help fight global warming, a perfect picking for going green and it matures (and can be replanted) within seven years (compared to 30-50 years for a stand of trees), helping to improve soil condi tions and prevent erosion along the way. Bamboo is so degenerate-growing that it can yield 20 times more timber than trees on the same area.As a building material, bamboo is also ideal in that it is sturdy, and can be cut and laminated into sheets and planks, just like wood. The quality of bamboo laminate varies between manufacturers and the maturity of the plant from which it was harvested the sturdiest products fulfill their claims of being up to three times harder than oak hardwood but others may be softer than standard hardwood. Again, the many varieties of bamboo give it the advantage of versatility. For countries who are poor and struggling to can away from polluting industries, growing bamboo has the potential to become a viable economic and environmental solvent. Bamboo if used as a major(ip) construction material, addresses three major areasECOLOGICAL SECURITY conservation of forests through timber substitution, alternate materials to non-biodegradable high energy consu ming materials like metals and plasticsSUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY bamboo establish agro -forestry system, care of soil fertility of adjoining agricultural lands, and bamboo shoots.LIVELIHOOD SECURITY generation of employment in planting and primary processing for manufacturing mat based composites and other market driven bamboo products.Bamboo poles can be used to make papers and clothes, and the process is environment friendly as little harmful chemicals are required to make paper and clothes out of the bamboo plant. The environmental impact of bamboo is what makes it an ideal material for construction in both interior and exterior of any building.1.3 Bamboo usable in Construction1.3.1 Durability of bamboo structureBamboo is a natural composite with remarkable growth rate, and potent physical and mechanical properties which makes it one of the most suitable replacement for wood and a major and most sought after sustainable building material in the region of its growth. But bamboo in its natural state is not a very durable material and is very prone to infestation and decay. Thus, most bamboos used for structural purposes in rural and tribal housing deteriorate in a couple of years, putting heavy pressure on the resource, owing to increased demands for frequent replacements. This adversely affects the supplies of bamboo, even in bamboo rich regions.India, with an annual production of about 3.2 million tones of bamboos, ranks second only to China in bamboo production (Pathak, 1989). Over 136 species in 30 genera occur in India (Suri and Chauhan, 1984). The two most widely distributed genera in India are Bambusa and Dendrocalamus. In South and Southeast Asia, the most economically important species for structural uses from the point of run across of easy availability are Bambusa balcoa, Bambusa bambos, Bambusa blumeana, Bambusa nutans, Bambusa polymorpha, Bambusa tulda, Barnbusa vulgaris, Dendrocalarmus hamiltonii, Dendrocalarnus strictus, Melocanna barnbusoid es, Gigan tochloa spp., Ochlandra travanicorica and Oxytenathera nigroeiliata.Unfortunately, like most lignocellulosic materials, bamboo has very low resistance to biologic degrading agents. Several techniques to enhance its durability have, therefore, been developed.Natural Durability of BambooWorldwide and mainly in the South East Asian mainland where bamboo grows in abundance there are a great many traditional and chemical methods for the preservation and enhanced durability of bamboo. However, here we mainly discuss briefly the traditional method of increasing the durability of bamboo which are tested and practiced in the north east Indian region which is the main producer of bamboo in the country. Variation in durability has also been observed along the length of the culm and the thickness of the wall. The lower portion of the culm is considered more durable, while the inner part of the wall deteriorates faster than the outer harder portion. This is probably link to the anato mical and chemical nature of the woody cells.Because of the lack of any toxic constituents, bamboos form a ready food source for a variety of organisms. The presence of considerable quantities of starch in green or dry bamboo makes it more attractive to such organisms, especially stain fungi and rock drill beetles. Some sap sucking insects have been reported to attack bamboo plantations as well (Chatterjee and Sebastian, 1964,1966 Singh, 1988). The most serious borers of felled bamboos are three species of Dinoderus (celluris, minutes, brevis) and Lyctus, which attack bamboo rich with starch (Casin and Mosteiro, 1970 Sandhu, 1975). They cause immense damage during drying, storage, and subsequent use. Carpenter bees and termites also attack bamboo (Beeson, 1938Sensarma and Mathur, 1957). Bamboos are attacked by marine organisms as well (Anon, 1945).It is reported that bamboos harvested during summer are more rapidly destroyed than those felled in the rainy season (Liese, 1980). Culm s of bamboo plants which have flowered are more resistant to beetles because of starch depletion. Hence, the first point of term for the durability of bamboo is harvesting.Harvesting of BambooIn bamboos, soluble lucres are the principal nutrients for parasites. Thus, bamboos with depleted carbohydrates become reasonably resistant to the attack of borers and staining fungi. Methods adopted for lowering the sugar content at the time of harvesting of bamboos are(i) Life CycleFelling of bamboo at maturity when sugar content is low- Sugar content in bamboos varies with age. It is lowest during the first year but felling of one-year-old bamboo is not desirable because of very low strength and yield. Normally, bamboo matures at 3-4 years(ii) Annual CycleFelling of bamboo during low-sugar content season-Sugar content in almost all plants varies with seasons. In India, for example, it is higher in spring than in winter (Joseph, 1958). Therefore, it is advisable to harvest bamboos between A ugust and December, which is essentially the dry season before monsoons.(iii) Daily CycleFelling of bamboo after sunset- During the day time due to the availability of sunlight a lot of photosynthesis occurs in the bamboo plant and hence a lot of lawsuit of food occurs resulting in increased starch content in most parts of the bamboo tree. But during the shadow mainly stored food is used and no photosynthesis happens, so it is advisable to fell the bamboo tress after sunset.Leaching of BambooThe bamboo available after harvest is not ready yet, it still has a large amount of sap content which makes it prone to infestation and decay. Leaching is the remotion of sap after harvest. The sap levels in harvested bamboo are reduced either through filtering or postharvest photosynthesis. A variety of leaching practices are used to remove the sap content, the mostly used embarrass1. Cut bamboo is raised clear of the ground and leant against the rest of the clump for one to two weeks unti l leaves turn yellow to allow full consumption of sugars by the plant.2. A similar method is undertaken, but with the base of the culm standing in fresh water, either in a large drum or stream to leach out sap.3. Cut culms are immersed in a running stream and weighted down for three to four weeks.4. Water is pumped through the pertly cut culms, forcing out the sap (this method is often used in conjunction with the injection of some form of treatment).In the process of water leaching, the bamboo is dry out slowly and evenly in the shade to avoid cracking in the outer skin of the bamboo, thereby reducing opportunities for pest infestation.Storage of BambooThe bamboo after removal of the sap content is than ready to be stored in storages but certain precautions are taken to enhance the durability of bamboo, they are1. Bamboo is not stored in the reach to avoid exposure to climatic forces such as rain and direct sunlight.2. Bamboo is stored in a semi closed area to allow wind movemen t through its stacks.3. Bamboo is stored a bit (app. 10cm) above the ground to avoid infestation from below, also an insect repellent may be sprayed on the ground.4. Bamboo is stacked in vertical manner, and it should be noted that a minimum of 30% of the moisture in bamboo should be retained.These measures taken ensures that the bamboo is stored properly and is well protected from reagents, and ready for selection and grading.Selection/ Grading of bambooThe bamboo culms are now ready for selection and grading into various categories, which are then accordingly put to use in the construction as per the nature of demand of the work. The main characteristics of a good, durable and structurally usable bamboo culm are based on the hobby key points along with a idea of advisable range of values.1. Age and Maturity plus 5 years2. Dimensional Characteristics 4 63. Wall Thickness 12mm 25 mm4. Inter Nodal Distance5. Straightness and Uniformity1.3.2 Treatment processes of bambooAltho ugh a great deal of care is taken in increasing the durability of bamboo right from the commencement ceremony from the process of harvesting to the selection and grading, the natural bamboo still is not good for long standing structures due to its still proneness to infestation. Hence, the bamboo is made to go through a number of treatment and preventive processes.Natural means-1. water seasoning 3-4 months2. smoke seasoning3. heat seasoningChemical means-1. internodal injection treatment- petro based chemical, creosote oil+diesel (11) 25-40ml2. borax boric solution- 11 in hot 25L of water 50g of each3. vacuum pressure treatment4. brochh-vsie treatment gravity based1.4 Current State of Problems1.4.1 A Glance at the drawbacks of traditional bamboo construction in North East IndiaSince time immemorial bamboo has been an integral part of the traditional practices of the people of north east India. The north eastern parts of India, bamboo is in abundance due to its topography and ge ographical conditions, and bamboo has found its use in many variations and utilities, ranging from bamboo as a construction material, a key element of interiors such as furnitures and home decor, to daily household usable commodities. Bamboo shoot is a delicacy overnice to the North Eastern region of India.Although available in bounty in nature, the state of bamboo usable for construction purposes is in a state of bother in the region. The traditional methods of bamboo usage and construction can be said to be inadequate to meet long term goals of sustainable and long lasting and persistent structures. The virtues of bamboo are not new, but the interest in it is, says Antonios Levissianos, UNIDO senior industrial development officer. Bamboo is no longer seen as a poor mans timber, it is growing to be the most promising substitute for wood and there is great scope for further generating rural employment. Indias current demand for bamboo is an estimated 27 million tones. However, onl y 50 per cent of that demand can be met because of lack of facilities for value addition and transportation. According to Antonios if proper infrastructure is provided for transportation, either by way of roads or canals, bamboo can be a material with great potential to be used in the construction industry in the NE region of India.If we are to highlight a few key points as to what leads to the failure of the current traditional system of bamboo usage in the construction industry we can consider the following key points(i) Bamboo not TreatedIn the current practice system of bamboo usage in the region the bamboo after the process of harvesting as discussed in section A3 3.1, it undergoes little treatment procedures, which makes it prone to infestation and attack from natural reagents.(ii) Lack of Proper JoineryThe current practice involves crude joinery mechanisms to join two bamboo structural members, which are derogatory and have inverse effects on the life of bamboo and also tend to cause in rupture of the bamboo members.(iii) Lack of Safety measures from Climatic ForcesThis is one of the major cause of failure of current bamboo structures, as the natural climatic forces have an adverse effect on the untreated bamboo. The lack of solid and stable joinery is exploited by the wind in the region whereas, the rain and floods exemplify an even dangerous effect to the untreated bamboo.1.4.2 Identifying the Possible problems in constructing with bambooThe state of bamboo in the North Eastern region of India can be easily be improved if we identify and improve upon the key points or the distinct nodes of the problems, that are associated with the traditional method of construction of bamboo. After a look into our study so far, if we are to list some key issues which needs to be addressed upon as the main nodes to look at for making bamboo a suitable and efficient material of construction we can list out the following points.1. Appropriate technology for bamboo tre atment and working toolsThe region does not have a proper treatment facility for the treatment of harvested bamboo which will protect it from insect and reagent attacks as well as slow its decay process due to effect from natural forces. Moreover, no specialized tools are available for working with bamboo and most of the work is done with tools developed for wood/timber as such it results in rupture and wear and tear of bamboo elements which can be avoided by proper use of tools developed especially for bamboo.2. Design of proper joinery system- conducive effective production to bamboo materialThe current joinery type used for bamboo based construction is either by tying by ropes or bolting with iron bolts as shown in Fig. 11, the rope tied bamboo joints tend to fail the test of time and climatic forces, whereas the bolting results in unwanted cracks and rupture of the structural bamboo elements.3. Skilled labour- workmanshipAlthough bamboo has been the choice of material since long in the region , a relatively low quantity of labours can come up to the level of being called a primary bamboo construction workman. This is a major setback as to when an architect or builder decides on constructing with bamboo as there is serious lack of skilled labour for bamboo construction. So, the region demands a specialized center for training persons in bamboo construction who can in turn come up to be the skilled bamboo works man for the region. This can inturn help to generate employment for the local public, who after being trained can work as bamboo craftsman in the industry.E.g. Hong Kong Bamboo Scaffolding grind4. Change in Social mindsetA major setback related to bamboo construction in the region is the social mindset of the people who are of the idea that bamboo is a poor mans timer, and fail to understand the potential and beauty of the bamboo material. A through policy for propagate to mass with appropriate technology has to be introduced in a systematic manner w hich is competitive, durable, aesthetically pleasing and eco friendly.CHAPTER 2 HYPOTHESIS2.1 STATEMENTBamboo is a natural material, it is non-uniform, and degradable in its natural state. However it is one of the most sustainable building materials used till date. However, the key area of concern and the biggest obstacle in the bamboo being used more often in construction is, due to its dimensional constraints the joinery system for the structural elements of a bamboo construction becomes extremely difficult and non-durable. However, custom made joints, which are flexible and also adjustable can help solve the problem as it can convert a non-standardize construction material to a standardize material. Moreover, factory setups for availing the construction industry with well treated, and standardize bamboo elements as well as products can help a great deal in making bamboo the material of choice for construction in the region.Customization of the joinery system of bamboo elements al ong with better industrial setup for bamboo and bamboo based products will make bamboo a primary construction material.2.2 methodological analysisLiterature comprising books, research notes, websites, published papers, news articles and e-mail correspondence were means of research undertaken. the author also visited Assam from 13/05/2012 to 10/06/2012 for observations and discussions with professionals. There were site visits conducted during the period.The understanding developed was in the form of why the traditional method of bamboo construction is inadequate and what are the major problems which limit bamboo usage as the primary construction material. These were then explained in terms of case studies with examples from India and rest of the world. The case studies and the problems are then evaluated to reach a conclusion which hint at possible solution to make bamboo a standard and primary construction materialChapter 3 CASE STUDIESBamboo itself has a lot of advantages using it for building houses, bridges . It is a cheap, fast growing material with excellent statistics according to the mechanical properties. However, although it is abundantly available in North East India there are some major problems related to bamboo based construction in the region which has been discussed in clause 1.4.2 of chapter 1 of this report. There may be a lot of solutions possible for the above mentioned problems, which are a hurdle to the establishment of the hypothesis statement. In order to throw some light on as to how these problems can be looked at and approached, the following case studies are picked from India and abroad.3.1 Case Studies Addressing to Standardization of Bamboo MaterialStandardization of the bamboo material is a very important aspect towards establishing bamboo as a primary construction material. Bamboo is a natural material, and is non uniform and degradable in nature. Moreover, in the current industry setup there are no specific tools to be worked on bamboo, this as a result makes bamboo a vulnerable material of construction in the region. But, if the bamboo material is somehow standardize, be it whole bamboo or split bamboo, and specific tools are applied for its processing than it is possible to use bamboo and bamboo based products in a way we now use brick and concrete.3.1.1 BMTPC InitiativeThe BMTPC (Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council) of the Ministry of Housing urban Poverty Alleviation Government of India is looking forward to promote the increased use of Bamboo throughout the country. According to the BMTPC, the strength of bamboo culms, their straightness and lightness combined with hardeners and range and size of hollowers, with good physical and mechanical properties, low shrinkage and average density, it is well suited to replace wood in several applications. The BMTPC propagates the preservation of bamboo through the IS90962006, Code of Practice for preservation of bamboo for structural purpose. It covers the type of preservation, the treatment procedure for structural purposes like posts, scaffolding, walls, trusses etc.For the process of standarization the BMTPC has